Categorization of Novel Research Ideas Regarding Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Generated by Artificial Intelligence.

Background  The generation of innovative research ideas is crucial to advancing the field of medicine. As physicians face increasingly demanding clinical schedules, it is important to identify tools that may expedite the research process. Artificial intelligence may offer a promising solution by enabling the efficient generation of novel research ideas.

Comparing Outcomes of Open and Robot-Assisted Inguinal Lymphadenectomy for the Treatment of cN2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis: A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis.

Background: Inguinal lymph node (LN) dissection (iLND) is mandatory in cN2 penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). Open iLND (OIL) is often omitted due to the high rate of complications. A minimally invasive approach may reduce morbidity; however, evidence supporting its role to treat bulky nodes is limited.

The Role of Robotic Cystectomy in the Salvage and Palliative Setting: A Retrospective, Single-Center, Cohort Study.

This article compares surgical and survival outcomes of robot-assisted and open radical cystectomy with cutaneous ureterostomy for the treatment of frail bladder cancer patients with limited life expectancy. The institutional database was searched for cystectomy cases with cutaneous ureterostomy, from 1 June 2016 to 31 August 2022. The study population was split into two groups, according to the surgical approach.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Prostate Cancer Among Transgender Women.

Importance: Evidence on prostate cancer (PCa) in transgender women is very limited; data are needed to reduce gender disparities in both PCa knowledge and health care.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of PCa among transgender women in the US and assess the factors associated with PCa, and factors associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and bone metastases (BM) secondary to PCa in the transgender population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in October 2023, covering the period between 2011 and 2022 (12-year analysis).

Stratifying the Risk of Disease Progression among Surgically Treated Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Eligible for Adjuvant Nivolumab.

Check-Mate 274 has demonstrated the disease-free survival (DFS) benefit of adjuvant nivolumab in surgically treated muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Since immunotherapy represents an expensive treatment with potential side effects, a better understanding of patient-specific risks of disease progression might be useful for clinicians when weighing the indication for adjuvant nivolumab. To identify the criteria for risk stratification of disease progression among MIBC patients eligible for adjuvant nivolumab.

Rotator Cuff Repair: Racial Disparities in Operative Time and Utilization of Arthroscopic Techniques.

Background Racial disparities are prevalent within the field of orthopedics and include the utilization of varying resources as well as outcomes following surgery. This study investigates racial differences between Black and White patients in the surgical treatment of rotator cuff repair (RCR) and 30-day postoperative complications following RCR. Materials and methods Data were drawn from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database to create a study population consisting of Black and White patients who underwent RCR between 2015 and 2019.

Long survivors after radical cystectomy versus healthy population: propensity score matched analysis of health-related quality of life.

Purpose: To investigate Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) features of long survivors after radical cystectomy (RC) compared to healthy population (HP) control.

Methods: Patients with cT2-4/N0/M0 or Bacillus Calmette-Guérine (BCG) failure high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) undergoing RC and ileal Orthotopic Neobladder (iON) from 2010 to 2015 were enrolled in "BCa cohort". Patients aged ≥ 18 yrs old, with no previous diagnosis of BCa or any genitourinary cancer disease were included from General Practitioner outpatients and enrolled in "HP cohort".

Contemporary management of ischemic priapism: A 12-year population-based analysis from a large US database.

Background: Priapism is a urological condition characterized by a persistent erection. The management varies based on its subclassifications. Despite established clinical guidelines for ischemic priapism, there is a lack of large-scale research focused on patient characteristics and management strategies.

Bidirectional Energy Flow in the Photosystem II Supercomplex.

The water-splitting capability of Photosystem II (PSII) of plants and green algae requires the system to balance efficient light harvesting along with effective photoprotection against excitation in excess of the photosynthetic capacity, particularly under the naturally fluctuating sunlight intensity. The comparatively flat energy landscape of the multicomponent structure, inferred from the spectra of the individual pigment-protein complexes and the rather narrow and featureless absorption spectrum, is well known. However, how the combination of the required functions emerges from the interactions among the multiple components of the PSII supercomplex (PSII-SC) cannot be inferred from the individual pigment-protein complexes.

Impact of diabetes mellitus on oncologic outcomes in patients receiving robot-assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

Purpose: Aim of this study is to investigate the association between DM and oncological outcomes among patients with muscle-invasive (MI) or high-risk non-muscle invasive (NMI) bladder cancer (BC) who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion (RARC).

Methods: An IRB approved multi-institutional BC database was queried, including patients underwent RARC between January 2013 and June 2023. Patients were divided into two groups according to DM status.

Renal Function Preservation in Purely Off-Clamp Sutureless Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: Initial Experience and Technique.

The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a sutureless off-clamp robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (sl-oc RAPN), particularly its impact on renal function. A multicenter study was conducted from April 2021 to June 2022. Patients diagnosed with a renal mass of >2 cm and a PADUA score of ≤6 consecutively underwent an sl-oc RAPN procedure.

Upfront versus deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy following targeted or immunotherapy: a population-based propensity score-matched analysis of perioperative complications.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications after cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) following first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and to compare it with postoperative complications of upfront CN.

Methods: For this population-based retrospective study, the PearlDiver Mariner database (PearlDiver Technologies, Colorado Springs, CO), a database of insurance billing records was analyzed. Using relevant ICD-9/10 and CPT codes, patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2011 and 2021, who received first-line systemic molecular therapy (SMT), either tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) or immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), were identified.

Thromboprophylaxis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer reduces thromboembolism and bleeding.

Objectives: To assess the risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) and bleeding with or without thromboprophylaxis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients scheduled for radical cystectomy.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 4886 patients with non-metastatic bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy across 28 centres in 13 countries between 1990 and 2021. Inverse probability weighting analyses were performed to estimate the effect of thromboprophylaxis on VTE and bleeding.

Can Generative Artificial Intelligence Enhance Health Literacy About Lateral Epicondylitis?

Introduction: Health literacy is a critical determinant of a patient's overall health status, and studies have demonstrated a consistent link between poor health literacy and negative health outcomes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) advise that patient educational materials (PEMs) should be written at an eighth-grade reading level or lower, matching the average reading level of adult Americans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of generative artificial intelligence (AI) to edit PEMs from orthopaedic institutions to meet the CDC and NIH guidelines.

Characteristics, trends, and management of Penile cancer in the United States: A population-based study.

Background: Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare disease. HPV infection, smoking, phimosis, and lichen sclerosus represent well-known associated risk factors.

Objectives: Primary aim of our study is to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of PeCa and to outline the adopted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Plasma infrared fingerprinting with machine learning enables single-measurement multi-phenotype health screening.

Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful technique for probing the molecular profiles of complex biofluids, offering a promising avenue for high-throughput in vitro diagnostics. While several studies showcased its potential in detecting health conditions, a large-scale analysis of a naturally heterogeneous potential patient population has not been attempted. Using a population-based cohort, here we analyze 5,184 blood plasma samples from 3,169 individuals using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Purely Off-Clamp Sutureless Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Novice Robotic Surgeons: A Multi-Institutional Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

To compare perioperative outcomes of patients treated with sutureless off-clamp robotic partial nephrectomy (sl-oc RAPN) by either a novice or an expert robotic surgeon at two different institutions. Data concerning two continuous series of patients with cT1-2N0M0 renal tumors treated with sl-oc RAPN either by a novice or an expert surgeon were extracted from prospectively populated institutional databases over the last 4 years. Perioperative outcomes as well as the baseline characteristics of patients and tumors were compared by using χ and Mann-Whitney tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.

Assessing risk of lymph node invasion in complete responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objectives: To investigate the lymph node invasion (LNI) rate in patients exhibiting complete pathological response (CR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and to test the association of CR status with lower LNI and better survival outcomes.

Materials And Methods: We included patients with bladder cancer (BCa; cT2-4a; cN0; cM0) treated with NAC and radical cystectomy (RC) + pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) at our institution between 2012 and 2022 (N = 157). CR (ypT0) and LNI (ypN+) were defined at final pathology.

Long-Term Oncologic Outcomes of Off-Clamp Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Cystic Renal Tumors: A Propensity Score Matched-Pair Comparison of Cystic versus Pure Clear Cell Carcinoma.

Few data are available on survival outcomes of partial nephrectomy performed for cystic renal tumors. We present the first long-term oncological outcomes of cystic (cystRCC) versus pure clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in a propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis. Our "renal cancer" prospectively maintained database was queried for "cystRCC" or "ccRCC" and "off-clamp robotic partial nephrectomy" (off-C RPN).

Robot-assisted inguinal lymphadenectomy to treat penile and vulvar cancers: a scoping review.

Introduction: Inguinal lymph nodes dissection (ILND) is recommended in patients presenting with high-risk penile (PC) or vulvar cancers (VC). Though, this surgical procedure is underused because of its anticipated morbidity. Minimally invasive approaches were proposed to minimize complications associated with open surgery.

What the urologist needs to know before radical prostatectomy: MRI effective support to pre-surgery planning.

Background: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is recommended in case of localized or locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa), but it can lead to side effects, including urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for PCa diagnosis and staging, but it can also improve preoperative risk-stratification.

Purpose: This nonsystematic review aims to provide an overview on factors involved in RP side effects, highlighting anatomical and pathological aspects that could be included in a structured report.