The burden, clinical features and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and co-infections during concurrently out-of-season outbreaks in Brazil.

Objectives: Little is known about the burden and the clinical presentation and prognosis of individuals with Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 during concurrent outbreaks. We aimed to describe the burden, clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized adults during the Influenza A/H3N2 and Omicron outbreaks in Brazil.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of national surveillance data.

Impact of single-dose varicella vaccination in Argentina, by province: a time series study.

Introduction. Argentina implemented the varicella vaccine in 2015. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of vaccine implementation in each province of Argentina.

Housing and Husbandry Factors Affecting Zebrafish () Novel Tank Test Responses: A Global Multi-Laboratory Study.

The reproducibility crisis in bioscience, characterized by inconsistent study results, impedes our understanding of biological processes and global collaborative studies offer a unique solution. This study is the first global collaboration using the zebrafish () novel tank test, a behavioral assay for anxiety-like responses. We analyzed data from 20 laboratories worldwide, focusing on housing conditions and experimental setups.

Persistent carbapenem resistance in mechanically ventilated ICU patients: A before-and-after analysis of the COVID-19 surge.

Background: The evolution of antimicrobial resistance among critically ill patients before, during, and after the COVID-19 surge remains unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed critically ill mechanically ventilated adult patients admitted to 8 Brazilian hospitals from Jan 1, 2018 to Apr 30, 2023. We stratified the patients into 3 periods: pre-surge (Jan 01, 2018-Mar 01, 2020), surge (Mar 01, 2020-Oct 01, 2021), and post-surge (after October 01, 2021).

An overview of soil and plant assessment for predicting site quality and recovery strategies of one the largest tailings dam failures worldwide.

Brazil's Fundão dam collapse is one of the world's largest disasters of tailing dam failures. Previous research has evaluated toxic metals and non-metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, As, Hg) in the same soil samples used in this study, and results have indicated that only Fe and Mn concentrations increased above the original baseline (Melo et al., 2023).

Cohort profile: follow-up of a household cohort throughout five epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Since May 2020, we have been conducting a comprehensive study to understand the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our focus has been on following families, systematically collecting respiratory tract swabs and blood samples, monitoring symptoms, and gathering data on vaccine status. This paper aims to describe the household cohort across five epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2, providing an overview of the collected data and a description of the epidemiological, clinical, and immunological characteristics and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

TransOdara study: the challenge of integrating methods, settings and procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Objective: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) disproportionately affect transgender women and travestis (TGW), who often lack access to healthcare due to stigma and discrimination. We describe the approach and methodology of a study investigating the prevalence of syphilis, HIV, hepatitis A, B, and C, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and human papillomavirus (HPV) among TGW, as well as their knowledge and perceptions regarding syphilis, to better inform policies to curb STIs among this vulnerable population.

Methods: TransOdara was a multicentric, cross-sectional study conducted among TGW in five capital cities from major Brazilian regions between December 2019 and July 2021.

Prediction of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and colonisation: A systematic review.

Background: Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAI) represent a public health priority in most countries worldwide. Our main objective was to systematically review the quality of the predictive modeling literature regarding multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in Intensive Care Units (ICUs).

Methods: We conducted and reported a Systematic Literature Review according to the recommendations of the PRISMA statement.

Comparing causal random forest and linear regression to estimate the independent association of organisational factors with ICU efficiency.

Purpose: Parametric regression models have been the main statistical method for identifying average treatment effects. Causal machine learning models showed promising results in estimating heterogeneous treatment effects in causal inference. Here we aimed to compare the application of causal random forest (CRF) and linear regression modelling (LRM) to estimate the effects of organisational factors on ICU efficiency.

Dynamics of Fe, Mn, and potentially harmful elements under reducing conditions in iron ore tailings after dam collapse in the Doce River basin-Brazil: flooded and non-flooded rice cultivations.

Potentially harmful element (PHE) bioavailability is important to environmental contamination and must be checked under several soil conditions. This study aimed to assess Fe, Mn, and PHE uptake by rice (Oryza sativa) grown on flooded and non-flooded Fe tailings collected from the Doce River basin after its collapse in Brazil. After 65 days of sowing, shoots and roots were harvested to determine PHE concentrations.

Evaluation of the design of the influenza-like illness sentinel surveillance system in Brazil.

The influenza-like illness (ILI) sentinel surveillance operates in Brazil to identify respiratory viruses of public health relevance circulating in the country and was first implemented in 2000. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the importance of early detection of the circulation of new viruses in Brazil. Therefore, an analysis of the design of the ILI sentinel surveillance is timely.

Genomic Comparative of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Small Colony Variant, Mucoid and Non-mucoid Phenotypes Obtained from a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis During Respiratory Exacerbations.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most prevalent opportunistic pathogen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), is practically impossible to be eradicated from the airways in chronicity. Its extraordinary genomic plasticity is possibly associated with high antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and its phenotypic diversity. The occurrence of P.

Impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination strategy in Brazil: an ecological study.

Objectives: No consensus exists about the best COVID-19 vaccination strategy to be adopted by low-income and middle-income countries. Brazil adopted an age-based calendar strategy to reduce mortality and the burden on the healthcare system. This study evaluates the impact of the vaccination campaign in Brazil on the progression of the reported COVID-19 deaths.

Evaluation of behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by carbofuran in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Carbofuran (CF) is a carbamate class pesticide, widely used in agriculture for pest control in crops. This pesticide has high toxicity in non-target organisms, and its presence in the environment poses a threat to the ecosystem. Research has revealed that this pesticide acts as an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inducing an accumulation of acetylcholine in the brain.

Racial inequalities in the development of multimorbidity of chronic conditions: results from a Brazilian prospective cohort.

Background: The occurrence of multimorbidity and its impacts have differentially affected population subgroups. Evidence on its incidence has mainly come from high-income regions, with limited exploration of racial disparities. This study investigated the association between racial groups and the development of multimorbidity and chronic conditions in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Persistent high mortality rates for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020-2022.

Introduction: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) posed a significant public health challenge globally, with Brazil being no exception. Excess mortality during this period reached alarming levels. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Systemic Hypertension (HTN), and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) were associated with increased mortality.

Was the COVID-19 epidemic synchronous in space? An analysis in the health regions of the Rio de Janeiro state, 2020-2022.

Objective: To analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of COVID-19 in the Rio de Janeiro state within the nine health regions, between March 2020 and December 2022.

Methods: The Poisson model with random effects was used to smooth and estimate the incidence of COVID-19 hospitalizations reported in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) to verify the synchronicity of the epidemic in the state.

Results: The COVID-19 epidemic in the state is characterized by the presence of seven peaks during the analyzed period corresponding to seven found.

Joint spatial modeling of the risks of co-circulating mosquito-borne diseases in Ceará, Brazil.

Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and chikungunya have been co-circulating in the Americas, causing great damage to the population. In 2021, for instance, almost 1.5 million cases were reported on the continent, being Brazil the responsible for most of them.

Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict the use of renal replacement therapy in 14,374 patients with COVID-19.

Purpose: To develop a model to predict the use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in COVID-19 patients.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of multicenter cohort of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions of Brazil involving COVID-19 critically adult patients, requiring ventilatory support, admitted to 126 Brazilian ICUs, from February 2020 to December 2021 (development) and January to May 2022 (validation). No interventions were performed.

Neurobehavioral effects of fungicides in zebrafish: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pesticides are widely used in global agriculture to achieve high productivity levels. Among them, fungicides are specifically designed to inhibit fungal growth in crops and seeds. However, their application often results in environmental contamination, as these chemicals can persistently be detected in surface waters.