Susceptibility and resilience to chronic social defeat stress in adolescent male mice: No correlation between social avoidance and sucrose preference.

Psychosocial stress is the major form of stress faced by children and adolescents and is an important risk factor for the development of mental illnesses. Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) is a preclinical mouse model that induces an entire spectrum of phenotypes with similar interindividual variability as seen in humans. Following CSDS, adult male mice have been characterized as being either susceptible or resilient to emotional stress on the basis of their social interactions, which was reported to be highly correlated with sucrose preference (SP) when measured after the last defeat episode.

Evaluation of biofield treatment dose and distance in a model of cancer cell death.

Objective: This study assessed the potential influence of biofield treatment on cultured human cancer cells and whether such influence was affected by varying the duration of the treatment (dose) or the distance between the biofield practitioner and the target cells.

Design: Biofield treatment dosage was assessed from a short distance (0.25 meters) in three independent experiments involving 1, 2, or 5 treatments, along with another set of three independent and comparable mock experiments.