Use of the King-Devick Variable Color Contrast Sensitivity Chart to differentiate stages of age-related macular degeneration.

Objective: This study aimed to determine which colour contrast sensitivity differences exist in early to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and examine the potential utility of the King-Devick Variable Color Contrast Sensitivity Chart in detecting AMD severity.

Methods And Analysis: A total of 85 participants (144 total eyes) were recruited from multiple clinical practices and enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 57 healthy eyes.

Visual Structure and Function in Collision Sport Athletes.

Background: Vision-based measures have been shown to be useful markers in multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. Therefore, these testing paradigms may have applications to populations explaining repetitive head trauma that has been associated with long-term neurodegenerative sequelae. We investigated retinal structure and visual function in professional collision sport athletes compared to age- and race-matched control participants.

The Effect of In-School Saccadic Training on Reading Fluency and Comprehension in First and Second Grade Students.

Efficient eye movements provide a physical foundation for proficient reading skills. We investigated the effect of in-school saccadic training on reading performance. In this cross-over design, study participants (n = 327, 165 males; mean age [SD]: 7 y 6 mo [1y 1 mo]) were randomized into treatment and control groups, who then underwent eighteen 20-minute training sessions over 5 weeks using King-Devick Reading Acceleration Program Software.

The effect of saccadic training on early reading fluency.

Background: Eye movements are necessary for the physical act of reading and have been shown to relate to underlying cognitive and visuoattentional processes during reading. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of saccadic training using the King-Devick remediation software on reading fluency.

Methods: In this prospective, single-blinded, randomized, crossover trial, a cohort of elementary students received standardized reading fluency testing pre- and posttreatment.

Characterization of ischemic index using ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography in patients with focal and diffuse recalcitrant diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To explore the association of angiographic nonperfusion in focal and diffuse recalcitrant diabetic macular edema (DME) in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Design: A retrospective, observational case series of patients with the diagnosis of recalcitrant DME for at least 2 years placed into 1 of 4 cohorts based on the degree of DR.

Methods: A total of 148 eyes of 76 patients met the inclusion criteria at 1 academic institution.

Progressive, asymptomatic papilledema as the presenting sign of a Chiari I malformation.

Background: Chiari I malformation (CM1) is the caudal herniation of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum. It can cause several neurological signs and symptoms, or be asymptomatic. Papilledema is a potential, but unusual, manifestation of CM1.

Functional loss in the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways in patients with optic neuritis.

Purpose: To evaluate contrast threshold and contrast gain in patients with optic neuritis under conditions designed to favor mediation by either the inferred magnocellular (MC) or parvocellular (PC) pathway.

Methods: Achromatic and chromatic contrast discrimination was measured in 11 patients with unilateral or bilateral optic neuritis and in 18 age-matched controls with normal vision, using achromatic steady- and pulsed-pedestal paradigms to bias performance toward the MC or PC pathway, respectively. In addition, L-M chromatic discrimination at equiluminance was evaluated using the steady-pedestal paradigm.

The King-Devick test and sports-related concussion: study of a rapid visual screening tool in a collegiate cohort.

Objective: Concussion, defined as an impulse blow to the head or body resulting in transient neurologic signs or symptoms, has received increasing attention in sports at all levels. The King-Devick (K-D) test is based on the time to perform rapid number naming and captures eye movements and other correlates of suboptimal brain function. In a study of boxers and mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters, the K-D test was shown to have high degrees of test-retest and inter-rater reliability and to be an accurate method for rapidly identifying boxers and mixed martial arts fighters with concussion.

Torpedo maculopathy: in-vivo histology using optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: Recent reports of torpedo maculopathy have disclosed underlying irregularities within the chorioretinal tissue that have not been shown to induce disturbances in visual function. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a unique means of assessing the chorioretinal organization and integrity of torpedo lesions in an in vivo setting that has yet to be explored. In agreement with reported cases, torpedo maculopathy appears to be a benign, non-progressive condition that subtends the horizontal raphe in the juxtafoveal region and imparts no disturbance in visual function.

Coordinating eye and primary medical care in a low-income and uninsured population: the experience of the Vision of Hope Health Alliance.

Purpose: The Vision of Hope Health Alliance (VOHHA) was developed to provide an integrated system of eye and primary medical services to low-income and uninsured patients who were referred from nonmedical and medical agencies.

Methods: Partnerships were formed to facilitate patient referrals. Eye examinations and ophthalmic materials were provided at no cost to patients.

Ophthalmic manifestations of an undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma.

Introduction: Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) are uncommon, highly aggressive neoplasms arising in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Unlike the majority of sinonasal carcinomas, SNUC possess an uncertain histological origin and pleomorphic composition. Their heterogeneous composition prohibits their distinction from other more commonly encountered nasal tumors on the basis of imaging alone.

Neurosensory detachment arising from a fractured inner-limiting membrane secondary to chronically elevated intraocular pressure.

Unlabelled: Diffuse optic nerve excavation and focal rim loss mimicking an optic pit have never been reported to predispose patients to serous detachments despite their relative frequency among patients with glaucoma. Recent reports of idiopathic macular schisis detachments occurring in the setting of elevated intraocular pressure without evidence of a contributing comorbidity have caused some to speculate that alternative mechanisms exist with the capacity to engender these retinal complications. Experimental simian research has unveiled the capacity of chronically elevated intraocular pressure to yield conduction portals between the posterior hyaloid face and the subretinal space by inducing microscopic fractures in the inner-limiting membrane.

Bilateral, persistent serous macular detachments with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Purpose: Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is a rare, malignant lymphoplasmacytic disorder characterized by the monoclonal proliferation of immunoglobulin type M (IgM) producing B-lymphocytes. Ocular manifestations of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia have been described in association with the conjunctiva, cornea, uvea, retina, and periocular adnexa. Only rarely have macular findings, particularly serous macular detachments, been described in the presence of monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemias.

An untreated macular hole with adjacent choroidal neovascularization.

Background: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) occurs in association with a variety of retinochoroidal disorders. However, it is not normally known to form after an untreated macular hole.

Case Report: A 75-year-old black male presented with a 12-month history of visual loss in his right eye.