Transforming musculoskeletal anatomy learning with haptic surface painting.

Anatomical body painting has traditionally been utilized to support learner engagement and understanding of surface anatomy. Learners apply two-dimensional representations of surface markings directly on to the skin, based on the identification of key landmarks. Esthetically satisfying representations of musculature and viscera can also be created.

Post-infarction ventricular septal defect: percutaneous or surgical management in the UK national registry.

Aims: Post-infarction ventricular septal defect (PIVSD) is a mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a poor prognosis. Surgical repair is the mainstay of treatment, although percutaneous closure is increasingly undertaken.

Methods And Resuts: Patients treated with surgical or percutaneous repair of PIVSD (2010-2021) were identified at 16 UK centres.

Observation of Patients' 3D Printed Anatomical Features and 3D Visualisation Technologies Improve Spatial Awareness for Surgical Planning and in-Theatre Performance.

Improved spatial awareness is vital in anatomy education as well as in many areas of medical practice. Many healthcare professionals struggle with the extrapolation of 2D data to its locus within the 3D volume of the anatomy. In this chapter, we outline the use of touch as an important sensory modality in the observation of 3D forms, including anatomical parts, with the specific neuroscientific underpinnings in this regard being described.

Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: State of the Art.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common abnormality affecting between 20% and 34% of the adult population. For most people, it is a benign finding; however, in some people, the PFO can open widely to enable paradoxical embolus to transit from the venous to arterial circulation, which is associated with stroke and systemic embolisation. Percutaneous closure of the PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke has been undertaken for a number of years, and a number of purpose-specific septal occluders have been marketed.

A Giant Saphenous Vein Graft Aneurysm Treated With Percutaneous Closure.

A patient with a history of coronary artery bypass graft presented with breathlessness and was found to have an 11 × 6 cm aneurysm in a distally occluded saphenous vein graft. This case describes the investigation, heart team discussion, and percutaneous closure of the aneurysm. ().

Focused Multisensory Anatomy Observation and Drawing for Enhancing Social Learning and Three-Dimensional Spatial Understanding.

The concept that multisensory observation and drawing can be effective for enhancing anatomy learning is supported by pedagogic research and theory, and theories of drawing. A haptico-visual observation and drawing (HVOD) process has been previously introduced to support understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) spatial form of anatomical structures. The HVOD process involves exploration of 3D anatomy with the combined use of touch and sight, and the simultaneous act of making graphite marks on paper which correspond to the anatomy under observation.

Author Correction: Percutaneous management of paravalvular leaks.

In the version of this article initially published online, the Paravalvular Leak Device (PLD; Occlutech) was incorrectly described as having a "proximal disc that is slightly larger than the distal disc", whereas the distal disc is actually slightly larger than the proximal disc. This error has been corrected for the HTML, PDF and print versions of the article.

Patent Foramen Ovale Closure in 2019.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common abnormality affecting between 20% and 34% of the adult population. For most people it is a benign finding; however, in some the PFO can open widely, enabling a paradoxical embolus to transit from the venous to arterial circulation, which is associated with stroke and systemic embolisation. Percutaneous closure of PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke has been undertaken for a number of years, and a number of purpose-specific septal occluders have been marketed.

Percutaneous management of paravalvular leaks.

Paravalvular leak (PVL) is a complication that occurs in 5-17% of patients after surgical prosthetic valve implantation. Whereas PVLs can be benign, some PVLs are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous closure using occluders specifically designed to improve closure and reduce procedural complications has now become the first-line treatment for PVL.

How Haptics and Drawing Enhance the Learning of Anatomy.

Students' engagement with two-dimensional (2D) representations as opposed to three-dimensional (3D) representations of anatomy such as in dissection, is significant in terms of the depth of their comprehension. This qualitative study aimed to understand how students learned anatomy using observational and drawing activities that included touch, called haptics. Five volunteer second year medical students at the University of Cape Town participated in a six-day educational intervention in which a novel "haptico-visual observation and drawing" (HVOD) method was employed.

Outcomes of Cardiac Screening in Adolescent Soccer Players.

Background: Reports on the incidence and causes of sudden cardiac death among young athletes have relied largely on estimated rates of participation and varied methods of reporting. We sought to investigate the incidence and causes of sudden cardiac death among adolescent soccer players in the United Kingdom.

Methods: From 1996 through 2016, we screened 11,168 adolescent athletes with a mean (±SD) age of 16.

Effects of Patent Foramen Ovale Closure on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: PCOSA Study.

Background: Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Right to left shunting through a PFO may be encouraged by the respiratory physiology of OSAS, contributing to the disease pathophysiology. We assessed whether PFO closure would improve respiratory polygraphy parameters compared with baseline measurements in patients with OSAS.

Percutaneous Device Closure of Paravalvular Leak: Combined Experience From the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Background: Paravalvular leak (PVL) occurs in 5% to 17% of patients following surgical valve replacement. Percutaneous device closure represents an alternative to repeat surgery.

Methods: All UK and Ireland centers undertaking percutaneous PVL closure submitted data to the UK PVL Registry.

Right ventricular dysfunction in chronic thromboembolic obstruction of the pulmonary artery: a pressure-volume study using the conductance catheter.

Pressure-volume loops describe dynamic ventricular performance, relevant to patients with and at risk of pulmonary hypertension. We used conductance catheter-derived pressure-volume loops to measure right ventricular (RV) mechanics in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary arterial obstruction at different stages of pathological adaptation. Resting conductance catheterization was performed in 24 patients: 10 with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), 7 with chronic thromboembolic disease without pulmonary hypertension (CTED), and 7 controls.

Mechanisms of atrial mitral regurgitation: insights using 3D transoesophageal echo.

Aims: Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is a consequence of mitral annular enlargement, leaflet tethering and reduced co-aptation. The importance of the left atrium (LA) as a cause of mitral regurgitation (MR) is less clear. We applied a co-aptation index using three-dimensional (3D) transoesophageal echocardiography to FMR and MR secondary to LA dilatation (atrial mitral regurgitation, AMR).

Association between IVUS findings and adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease: the VIVA (VH-IVUS in Vulnerable Atherosclerosis) Study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether thin-capped fibroatheromata (TCFA) identified by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) are associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) on individual plaque or whole patient analysis.

Background: Post-mortem studies have identified TCFA as the substrate for most myocardial infarctions. However, little is known about the natural history of individual TCFA and their link with MACE.

Leukocyte telomere length is associated with high-risk plaques on virtual histology intravascular ultrasound and increased proinflammatory activity.

Objective: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of cellular senescence, is inversely associated with cardiovascular events. However, whether LTL reflects plaque extent or unstable plaques, and the mechanisms underlying any association are unknown.

Methods And Results: One hundred seventy patients with stable angina or acute coronary syndrome referred for percutaneous coronary intervention underwent 3-vessel virtual histology intravascular ultrasound; 30 372 mm of intravascular ultrasound pullback and 1096 plaques were analyzed.

Patent foramen ovale: anatomy, outcomes, and closure.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a normal fetal communication between the right and left atria that persists after birth. PFO is a common finding that occurs in 20-34% of the population, although its prevalence decreases with age. In most cases, a PFO poses no threat to health.

Primary coronary microvascular dysfunction and poor coronary collaterals predict post-percutaneous coronary intervention cardiac necrosis.

Background: An elevation in cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is because of cardiac necrosis and has prognostic implications. Primary microvascular dysfunction, evident before PCI, and paucity of coronary collaterals at baseline may influence cTnI.

Methods: We selected 22 patients awaiting elective PCI for a single-vessel, type-A coronary stenosis, with normal left ventricular function and a normal preprocedure cTnI.