The association of vitamin D status and dietary calcium intake with individual components of the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study in Victoria, Australia.

Unlabelled: This study examined the associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), dietary calcium (Ca) intake, and individual components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: We analyzed a population-based sample of 18-75-year-old adults (=3387) from the Victorian Health Monitor survey.

Results: After adjustment for sociodemographic, physical, and dietary factors, as well as other MetS components, every 10 nmol/l increment in 25-OHD was associated with reduced adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of elevated triglycerides (TG) [AOR: 0.

Vitamin D status is inversely associated with markers of risk for type 2 diabetes: A population based study in Victoria, Australia.

A growing body of evidence suggests a protective role of vitamin D on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated this relationship in a population sample from one Australian state. The data of 3,393 Australian adults aged 18-75 years who participated in the 2009-2010 Victorian Health Monitor survey was analyzed.

The associations of vitamin D status and dietary calcium with the metabolic syndrome: an analysis of the Victorian Health Monitor survey.

Objective: To examine the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), dietary Ca intake and presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Design: A stratified cluster sample of a population aged 18-75 years from the Victorian Health Monitor survey.

Setting: Non-institutionalized adults living in private dwellings in Victoria, Australia.

Estimating human papillomavirus vaccination coverage among young women in Victoria and reasons for non-vaccination.

Unlabelled: Background Adult Australian women aged 18 to 26 years were offered human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in a mass catch up campaign between 2007 and 2009. Not all doses administered were notified to Australia's HPV vaccine register and not all young women commenced or completed the vaccine course.

Methods: We surveyed vaccine age-eligible women as part of the Victorian Population Health Survey 2011-2012, a population based telephone survey, to ascertain self-reported vaccine uptake and reasons for non-vaccination or non-completion of vaccination among young women resident in the state of Victoria, Australia.

Nutritional predictors of successful chronic disease prevention for a community cohort in Central Australia.

Objective: To investigate biomarkers of nutrition associated with chronic disease absence for an Aboriginal cohort.

Design: Screening for nutritional biomarkers was completed at baseline (1995). Evidence of chronic disease (diabetes, CVD, chronic kidney disease or hypertension) was sought from primary health-care clinics, hospitals and death records over 10 years of follow-up.

Balancing absolute and relative risk reduction in tobacco control policy: the example of antenatal smoking in Victoria, Australia.

Objective: This descriptive epidemiological analysis aims to explore the benefits, risks and policy balance between a whole-of-population and high-risk reduction approach to reducing antenatal smoking prevalence.

Methods: Using Victorian hospital antenatal statistics the rate-ratio for smoking in each hypothesised high prevalence group was calculated and combined with the absolute number of births in each high-risk group. The effect on smoking prevalence of whole-of-population reductions and high-risk group reductions was then modelled.

A lower than expected adult Victorian community attack rate for pandemic (H1N1) 2009.

Objectives: To determine the community seropositivity of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza in order to estimate immunity and the community attack rate.

Methods: Selected clusters of participants (n=706) in the 'Victorian Health Monitor' (VHM), from whom blood samples were taken between August and October 2009, were tested opportunistically for antibodies to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus. A titre of > or = 1:40 was chosen as the cut-off for recording seropositivity.

Study Protocol--accurate assessment of kidney function in Indigenous Australians: aims and methods of the eGFR study.

Background: There is an overwhelming burden of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease among Indigenous Australians. In this high risk population, it is vital that we are able to measure accurately kidney function. Glomerular filtration rate is the best overall marker of kidney function.

Impact of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza on critical care capacity in Victoria.

Objective: To describe the demand for critical care hospital admissions in Victoria resulting from the rapid rise in the number of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza cases, and to describe the role of modelling tools to assist with the response to the pandemic.

Design And Setting: Prospective modelling with the tools FluSurge 2.0 and FluAid 2.

Low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol is the most prevalent metabolic abnormality for Australian Aboriginal men and women even when lean.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the prevalence and risk of the metabolic syndrome to body mass index (BMI) in Australian Aboriginal people.

Design: It was a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of data obtained from population-based screenings in Aboriginal communities in central and northern Australia (913 participants recruited between 1993 and 1997).

Results: Forty-one percent of men and 48% of women conformed to the National Cholesterol Education Program definition for the metabolic syndrome (chi2=3.

Avoidable mortality in Victoria between 1979 and 2001.

Objective: To describe trends in avoidable mortality (AM) in Victoria by sex, degree of socio-economic disadvantage and remoteness.

Methods: The analysis is based on mortality and population data for 1979-2001 supplied by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) for Victoria. Total and disease-specific AM rates were age standardised using the direct method.

Increased arterial stiffness in remote Indigenous Australians with high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To assess central and peripheral arterial stiffness in Indigenous and European Australians with and without type 2 diabetes using applanation tonometry to obtain the augmentation index (AI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Methods: AI was assessed in 162 Indigenous Australians (60 with type 2 diabetes) participating in a population-based study and 121 Australians of European ancestry (38 with diabetes) of similar age and sex. PWV was assessed in a subgroup: n = 62 indigenous, n = 118 European participants.

Agreement between laboratory results and on-site pathology testing using Bayer DCA2000+ and Cholestech LDX point-of-care methods in remote Australian Aboriginal communities.

Background: Indigenous Australians experience high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. On-site pathology data can help identify those at risk. We sought to evaluate point-of-care (POC) analysers in remote Australian communities.

Central obesity is associated with reduced peripheral wave reflection in Indigenous Australians irrespective of diabetes status.

Objective: To determine the influence of central obesity and type 2 diabetes on peripheral wave reflection in Indigenous Australians.

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional study of remote Indigenous Australians with (n = 43) and without (n = 54) type 2 diabetes of similar age (47 years) and sex; using anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance measures of obesity and applanation tonometry to determine the aortic augmentation index (AI) as an index of peripheral wave reflection.

Results: Indices of obesity were significantly higher in the diabetic than non-diabetic participants [body mass index (BMI): 27.