Transcriptional Isoforms of NAD kinase regulate oxidative stress resistance and melanoma metastasis.

Metastasizing cancer cells encounter a multitude of stresses throughout the metastatic cascade. Oxidative stress is known to be a major barrier for metastatic colonization, such that metastasizing cancer cells must rewire their metabolic pathways to increase their antioxidant capacity. NADPH is essential for regeneration of cellular antioxidants and several NADPH-regenerating pathways have been shown to play a role in metastasis.

Decoding the role of tRNA modifications in cancer progression.

Epitranscriptomic modification of tRNA has recently gained traction in the field of cancer biology. The presence of such modifications on tRNA appears to allow for translational control of processes central to progression and malignant transformation. Methyltransferase Like 1 protein (METTL1), along with other epitranscriptomic writers (e.

Chemerin Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth by Recruiting Immune Effector Cells Into the Tumor Microenvironment.

Infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) can regulate growth and survival of neoplastic cells, impacting tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Correlations between the number of effector immune cells present in a tumor and clinical outcomes in many human tumors, including breast, have been widely described. Current immunotherapies utilizing checkpoint inhibitors or co-stimulatory molecule agonists aim to activate effector immune cells.

Structure-activity relationships of anticancer ruthenium(II) complexes with substituted hydroxyquinolines.

8-Hydroxyquinolines (HQ), including clioquinol, possess cytotoxic properties and are widely used as ligands for metal-based anticancer drug research. The number and identity of substituents on the HQ can have a profound effect on activity for a variety of inorganic compounds. Ruthenium complexes of HQ exhibit radically improved potencies, and operate by a new, currently unknown, mechanism of action.

A Chimeric Antibody against ACKR3/CXCR7 in Combination with TMZ Activates Immune Responses and Extends Survival in Mouse GBM Models.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the least treatable type of brain tumor, afflicting over 15,000 people per year in the United States. Patients have a median survival of 16 months, and over 95% die within 5 years. The chemokine receptor ACKR3 is selectively expressed on both GBM cells and tumor-associated blood vessels.

Photochemical Properties and Structure-Activity Relationships of Ru Complexes with Pyridylbenzazole Ligands as Promising Anticancer Agents.

Ruthenium complexes capable of light-triggered cytotoxicity are appealing potential prodrugs for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT). Two groups of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes with 2-(2-pyridyl)-benzazole ligands were synthesized and investigated for their photochemical properties and anticancer activity to compare strained and unstrained systems that are likely to have different biological mechanisms of action. The structure-activity relationship was focused on the benzazole core bioisosterism and replacement of coligands in Ru(II) complexes.

Ruthenium-containing P450 inhibitors for dual enzyme inhibition and DNA damage.

Cytochrome P450s are key players in drug metabolism, and overexpression in tumors is associated with significant resistance to many medicinal agents. Consequently, inhibition of P450s could serve as a strategy to restore drug efficacy. However, the widespread expression of P450s throughout the human body and the critical roles they play in various biosynthetic pathways motivates the development of P450 inhibitors capable of controlled local administration.