Long-term reprogramming of primed microglia after moderate inhibition of CSF1R signaling.

In acute neuroinflammation, microglia activate transiently, and return to a resting state later on. However, they may retain immune memory of such event, namely priming. Primed microglia are more sensitive to new stimuli and develop exacerbated responses, representing a risk factor for neurological disorders with an inflammatory component.

Diethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate disrupt sirtuins expression in the HepG2 cells.

Background: Phthalates are additives used as plasticizers among other uses, classified as endocrine disruptors and may contribute to some metabolic disorders. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of the exposure of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as the regulation of sirloins in HepG2 cells.

Methods: HepG2 cells were exposed to DEP or DBP at 0.

Toxicological and Sedative Effects of Chipilin () Leaf Extracts Obtained by Maceration and Supercritical Fluid Extraction.

Chipilin () is consumed as a vegetable in the preparation of traditional dishes. As a folk medicine, Chipilin extracts are used as a hypnotic and sedative agent; however, there are few reports that support these uses. This study aimed to characterize the compounds present in Chipilin leaf extracts and to investigate their sedative effect using zebrafish as an model.

Tracing of Di-Ethylhexyl Phthalate in the Tequila Production Process.

The purpose of this study was to determine the origin, presence, and fate of the endocrine disruptor di-ethylhexil phthalate (DEHP) during tequila production. For this, three tequila factories (small, medium, and large) were monitored. DEHP concentrations in water, agave, additives, lubricating greases, neoprene seals, and materials of each stage process were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Dietary Supplementation with Popped Amaranth Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Low Height-for-Age Children: A Nonrandomized Pilot Trial.

Amaranth has been recognized as a nutraceutical food because it contains high-quality proteins due to its adequate amino acid composition that covers the recommended requirements for children and adults. Since pre-Hispanic times, amaranth has been consumed as popped grain; the popping process improves its nutritive quality and improves its digestibility. Popped amaranth consumption has been associated with the recovery of malnourished children.

Microbial neuraminidase induces TLR4-dependent long-term immune priming in the brain.

Innate immune memory explains the plasticity of immune responses after repeated immune stimulation, leading to either enhanced or suppressed immune responses. This process has been extensively reported in peripheral immune cells and also, although modestly, in the brain. Here we explored two relevant aspects of brain immune priming: its persistence over time and its dependence on TLR receptors.

Anxiety-like behavior and microglial activation in the amygdala after acute neuroinflammation induced by microbial neuraminidase.

Short-term behavioral alterations are associated with infection and aid the recovery from sickness. However, concerns have raised that sustained behavioral disturbances after acute neuroinflammation could relate to neurological diseases in the long run. We aimed to explore medium- and long-term behavioral disturbances after acute neuroinflammation in rats, using a model based on the intracerebroventricular administration of the enzyme neuraminidase (NA), which is part of some pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

Proteomic analysis of chemically transformed NIH-3T3 cells reveals novel mechanisms of action of amaranth lunasin-like peptide.

Food-derived biopeptides can interact with genes and proteins to preserve health and prevent the development of diseases. Lunasin is a soybean cancer-preventive peptide that has been well characterized; however, few studies have been carried out to characterize the function of amaranth lunasin-like peptide (AhLun). The aim of this work was to analyze the proteomic profile changes in NIH-3T3 cells when they are chemically transformed with the carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) in the absence or presence of AhLun.

Long-term priming of hypothalamic microglia is associated with energy balance disturbances under diet-induced obesity.

Exposure of microglia to an inflammatory environment may lead to their priming and exacerbated response to future inflammatory stimuli. Here we aimed to explore hypothalamic microglia priming and its consequences on energy balance regulation. A model of intracerebroventricular administration of neuraminidase (NA, which is present in various pathogens such as influenza virus) was used to induce acute neuroinflammation.

HBK oleoresins, extracted by supercritical fluids, showed bactericidal activity against multidrug resistance and strains.

Objective: The aim of this work was to characterize oleoresins, obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), from crops collected at different locations in Mexico. The antimicrobial effect of oleoresins was tested in reference strains and clinical isolates of susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of and .

Significance: The increasing of MDR strains is becoming a global public health problem that has led to the search for new treatments, and essential oils have resurged as a source of compounds with bactericidal functions.

Autodisplay of an endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Clostridium cellulovorans in Escherichia coli for xylans degradation.

The goal of this work was the autodisplay of the endo β-1,4-xylanase (XynA) from Clostridium cellulovorans in Escherichia coli using the AIDA system to carry out whole-cell biocatalysis and hydrolysate xylans. For this, pAIDA-xynA vector containing a synthetic xynA gene was fused to the signal peptide of the toxin subunit B Vibro cholere (ctxB) and the auto-transporter of the synthetic aida gene, which encodes for the connector peptide and β-barrel of the auto-transporter (AT-AIDA). E.

Biodegradation of diisononyl phthalate by a consortium of saline soil bacteria: optimisation and kinetic characterisation.

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is one of plasticisers most employed in the production of plastic materials and belongs to the most important environmental contaminants. In this work, a consortium of saline soil bacterial (SSB) capable of degrading DINP is presented. The genera of SSB-consortium were Serratia sp.

Microglia activated by microbial neuraminidase contributes to ependymal cell death.

The administration of microbial neuraminidase into the brain ventricular cavities of rodents represents a model of acute aseptic neuroinflammation. Ependymal cell death and hydrocephalus are unique features of this model. Here we demonstrate that activated microglia participates in ependymal cell death.

Biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds and phthalates by culturable bacteria isolated from Liometopum apiculatum microbiota.

Liometopum apiculatum is a species of ants widely distributed in arid and semi-arid ecosystems where there is a relative food shortage compared with tropical ecosystems. L. apiculatum has established an ecological balance involving symbiotic interactions, which have allowed them to survive through mechanisms that are still unknown.

Autodisplay of alpha amylase from Bacillus megaterium in E. coli for the bioconversion of starch into hydrogen, ethanol and succinic acid.

In this work, the expression of an α-amylase from Bacillus megaterium on the cell surface of Escherichia coli strains WDHA (Δ hycA and Δ ldhA) and WDHFP (Δ hycA, Δ frdD and Δ pta) by the autodisplay adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA) system was carried out with the purpose to confer the ability to E. coli strains to degrade starch and thus produce hydrogen, ethanol and succinic acid. For the characterization of the biocatalyst, the effect of temperature (30-70 °C), pH (3-6) and CaCl concentration (0-25 mM), as well as the thermostability of the biocatalyst (55-80 °C) at several time intervals (15-60 min) were evaluated.

Diminution of migration of phthalic acid esters in tequila beverage by the year of production.

The presence of diethyl-phthalate (DEP), dibutyl-phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl-phthalate (BBP), diethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl-phthalate (DINP) was determined in 295 tequila samples. They were grouped by age of maturation (white, aged, extra aged or ultra aged) and year of production (between 2013 and 2018). Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry was used for identification and quantification.

Diisononyl Phthalate Differentially Affects Sirtuin Expression in the HepG2 Cell Line.

Human exposure to phthalates has received special attention due to their possible adverse human health effects. Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a plasticizer still widely used in many products, despite being considered an endocrine disruptor. In this study, we evaluated DINP's cytotoxicity, its effect on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and its effect on sirtuin expression in HepG2 cells.

Engineering bioprintable alginate/gelatin composite hydrogels with tunable mechanical and cell adhesive properties to modulate tumor spheroid growth kinetics.

Tunable bioprinting materials are capable of creating a broad spectrum of physiological mimicking 3D models enabling in vitro studies that more accurately resemble in vivo conditions. Tailoring the material properties of the bioink such that it achieves both bioprintability and biomimicry remains a key challenge. Here we report the development of engineered composite hydrogels consisting of gelatin and alginate components.

Phthalates affect the in vitro expansion of human hematopoietic stem cell.

Phthalates are esters of phthalic acid used industrially as plastic additives, however, these are not covalently bound to the polymer matrix and therefore can be released to the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four phthalates: dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on the in vitro expansion of human hematopoietic cells from umbilical cord blood. For this, 0.

Bioprintable Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogel 3D In Vitro Model Systems Induce Cell Spheroid Formation.

The cellular, biochemical, and biophysical heterogeneity of the native tumor microenvironment is not recapitulated by growing immortalized cancer cell lines using conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. These challenges can be overcome by using bioprinting techniques to build heterogeneous three-dimensional (3D) tumor models whereby different types of cells are embedded. Alginate and gelatin are two of the most common biomaterials employed in bioprinting due to their biocompatibility, biomimicry, and mechanical properties.

Microbiota of edible Liometopum apiculatum ant larvae reveals potential functions related to their nutritional value.

Edible insects, due to their high nutritive value, are currently considered as a potential renewable source for food and feed production. Liometopum apiculatum ants are widely distributed in arid and semi-arid ecosystems and their larvae (escamoles) are considered as a delicacy, however the microbial importance in L. apiculatum nutritional ecology is unknown.

Constitutive expression of the active fragment of human vasostatin Vs30 in Pichia pastoris SMD1168H.

Vasostatin 30 (Vs30) is an active fragment derived from the N-terminal region (135-164 aa) of human calreticulin and has the ability to inhibit angiogenesis. In this work, the expression of Vs30 was performed using a protease-deficient strain of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The vs30 gene was optimized for P.

Directing the Self-assembly of Tumour Spheroids by Bioprinting Cellular Heterogeneous Models within Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogels.

Human tumour progression is a dynamic process involving diverse biological and biochemical events such as genetic mutation and selection in addition to physical, chemical, and mechanical events occurring between cells and the tumour microenvironment. Using 3D bioprinting we have developed a method to embed MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells, and IMR-90 fibroblast cells, within a cross-linked alginate/gelatin matrix at specific initial locations relative to each other. After 7 days of co-culture the MDA-MB-231 cells begin to form multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) that increase in size and frequency over time.