Periventricular cyst as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting in the context of intracranial haemorrhage: a case report and review of the literature.

Spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage with hydrocephalus frequently requires neurosurgical intervention, including ventriculoperitoneal shunting. We describe a periventricular cyst following the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a 67-year-old female patient. The patient was admitted for rehabilitation after a spontaneous left basal ganglia and diffuse intraventricular haemorrhage with hydrocephalus.

Differentiating essential hypertension from autonomic dysreflexia: a case report.

Introduction: Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), a condition of critically raised blood pressure, is a severe complication of spinal cord injury. Primary (essential) hypertension may present with similar blood pressure levels to AD, though the causes, pathophysiology, presentation and treatment will differ.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 74-year-old patient with a C1 spinal injury, who developed primary (essential) hypertension during her rehabilitation phase of care, requiring extensive investigations for autonomic dysreflexia.

Tetraplegic spinal cord injury as a presentation of multiple myeloma: A case report.

Spinal cord injury is a devastating complication of cancers that exert physical compression on the spinal cord. Multiple myeloma is known predominantly as a condition that involves bony structures and can manifest with complications such as pathological fractures. However, involvement of other structures including spinal cord is a possible complication, with potentially catastrophic consequences.

Recurrent syncope secondary to autonomic dysfunction in spinal cord injury: a case report.

High-level spinal cord injuries are often associated with autonomic impairment, which can result in orthostatic hypotension and syncope. Persistent autonomic dysfunction can manifest with disabling symptoms including recurrent syncopal events. We describe a case of autonomic failure resulting in recurrent syncopal events in a tetraplegic 66-year-old man.

Simultaneous Pulmonary Embolism and Carotid Thrombosis as a Presenting Manifestation of COVID-19.

Although COVID-19 was initially described predominantly as a respiratory infection, subsequent reports noted that it can produce generalised inflammation with effects on multiple organ systems. As a result, it is possible for patients with COVID-19, including those with severe disease, to present initially with nonrespiratory signs and symptoms. Neurological manifestations, including ischaemic stroke, may be the first presenting issue and can result from carotid thrombosis.

Trends in osteoporosis diagnosis and management in Australia.

Unlabelled: Trends in bone mineral density monitoring, and drug treatment for osteoporosis, in Australia were examined. Rates of DEXA scanning have increased in response to changes to government policy affecting reimbursement. The drug denosumab is being utilised at an increasing rate, while bisphosphonate use has declined.

Trends in knee magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopies and joint replacements in older Australians: still too much low-value care?

Background: The objective of the study is to describe temporal trends and regional variations in the use of knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), knee arthroscopy and total knee replacement surgery in Australians older than 55 years.

Methods: Design: A retrospective descriptive study using routinely collected administrative data.

Main Outcome Measures: Age-standardized rates of knee MRI, knee arthroscopy and knee replacement surgery from 2003 to 2017.

Host specialisation and disparate evolution of Pyrenophora teres f. teres on barley and barley grass.

Background: Pathogens evolve in an arms race, frequently evolving virulence that defeats resistance genes in their hosts. Infection of multiple hosts may accelerate this virulence evolution. Theory predicts that host diversity affects pathogen diversity, with more diverse hosts expected to harbour more diverse pathogens that reproduce sexually.

Dental appliance therapy in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: Case report.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare condition associated with severe protrusive lingual dystonia, a form of oromandibular dystonia. Dental appliance therapy has been described for oromandibular dystonia however there is a lack of literature regarding its application specifically to PKAN. In this report, the authors describe the use of an appliance in conjunction with botulinum toxin injections for the symptomatic treatment of this condition.

Discovery of a Parenteral Small Molecule Coagulation Factor XIa Inhibitor Clinical Candidate (BMS-962212).

Factor XIa (FXIa) is a blood coagulation enzyme that is involved in the amplification of thrombin generation. Mounting evidence suggests that direct inhibition of FXIa can block pathologic thrombus formation while preserving normal hemostasis. Preclinical studies using a variety of approaches to reduce FXIa activity, including direct inhibitors of FXIa, have demonstrated good antithrombotic efficacy without increasing bleeding.

New species of associated with terrestrial orchids in Australia.

Recent studies using sequence data from eight sequence loci and coalescent-based species delimitation methods have revealed several species-level lineages of associated with the orchid genera and in Australia. Here we formally describe three of those species, and spp. nov.

Practical time considerations for optically stimulated luminescent dosimetry (OSLD) in total body irradiation.

Total body irradiation (TBI) treatments are used to treat the whole body in preparation for hematopoietic stem cell (or bone marrow) transplantation. Our standard clinical regimen is a 12 Gy in 6 fraction, bi-daily technique using 6 MV X-rays at an extended Source-to-Surface distance (SSD) of 300 cm. Utilizing these characteristics, the beam dose rate is reduced below 7 cGy/min as is standard for TBI treatment.

Weeds, as ancillary hosts, pose disproportionate risk for virulent pathogen transfer to crops.

Background: The outcome of the arms race between hosts and pathogens depends heavily on the interactions between their genetic diversity, population size and transmission ability. Theory predicts that genetically diverse hosts will select for higher virulence and more diverse pathogens than hosts with low genetic diversity. Cultivated hosts typically have lower genetic diversity and thus small effective population sizes, but can potentially harbour large pathogen population sizes.

Novel phenylalanine derived diamides as Factor XIa inhibitors.

The synthesis, structural activity relationships (SAR), and selectivity profile of a potent series of phenylalanine diamide FXIa inhibitors will be discussed. Exploration of P1 prime and P2 prime groups led to the discovery of compounds with high FXIa affinity, good potency in our clotting assay (aPPT), and high selectivity against a panel of relevant serine proteases as exemplified by compound 21. Compound 21 demonstrated good in vivo efficacy (EC50=2.

Radiation dose measurements of an on-board imager X-ray unit using optically-stimulated luminescence dosimeters.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is now widely used to image radiotherapy patients prior to treatment for the purpose of accurate patient setup. However each CBCT image delivered to a patient increases the total radiation dose that they receive. The measurement of the dose delivered from the CBCT images is not readily performed in the clinic.

Structure-based design of inhibitors of coagulation factor XIa with novel P1 moieties.

Compound 2 was previously identified as a potent inhibitor of factor XIa lacking oral bioavailability. A structure-based approach was used to design analogs of 2 with novel P1 moieties with good selectivity profiles and oral bioavailability. Further optimization of the P1 group led to the identification of a 4-chlorophenyltetrazole P1 analog, which when combined with further modifications to the linker and P2' group provided compound 32 with FXIa Ki=6.

Phylogenetic and microsatellite markers for Tulasnella (Tulasnellaceae) mycorrhizal fungi associated with Australian orchids.

Premise Of The Study: Phylogenetic and microsatellite markers were developed for Tulasnella mycorrhizal fungi to investigate fungal species identity and diversity. These markers will be useful in future studies investigating the phylogenetic relationship of the fungal symbionts, specificity of orchid-mycorrhizal associations, and the role of mycorrhizae in orchid speciation within several orchid genera. •

Methods And Results: We generated partial genome sequences of two Tulasnella symbionts originating from Chiloglottis and Drakaea orchid species with 454 genome sequencing.

Permanent genetic resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 February 2011-31 March 2011.

This article documents the addition of 111 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, Anopheles nuneztovari sensu lato, Asellus aquaticus, Calopteryx splendens, Calopteryx virgo, Centaurea aspera, Centaurea seridis, Chilina dombeyana, Proctoeces cf. lintoni and Pyrenophora teres f.

A narrow group of monophyletic Tulasnella (Tulasnellaceae) symbiont lineages are associated with multiple species of Chiloglottis (Orchidaceae): Implications for orchid diversity.

Premise Of The Study: The Orchidaceae is characterized by exceptional species diversity. Obligate orchid mycorrhizae are predicted to determine orchid distributions, and highly specific relationships between orchids and fungi may drive orchid diversification. In this study, mycorrhizal diversity was examined in the terrestrial, photosynthetic orchid genus Chiloglottis to test the hypothesis of mycorrhizal-mediated diversification in the genus Chiloglottis.

Mycoplasma pneumonia and its complications.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae continues to be the most frequent cause of atypical pneumonia. Fortunately, the antibiotics listed in this article are generally very effective. Major skills are needed to detect M pneumoniae extrapulmonary diseases, which require a special heightened awareness and sensitivity.

Large-scale human metabolic phenotyping and molecular epidemiological studies via 1H NMR spectroscopy of urine: investigation of borate preservation.

Borate is an antibacterial preservative widely used in clinical and large-scale epidemiological studies involving urine sample analysis. Since it readily forms covalent adducts and reversible complexes with hydroxyl and carboxylate groups, the effects of borate preservation in (1)H NMR-spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling of human urine samples have been assessed. Effects of various concentrations of borate (range 0-30 mM) on (1)H NMR spectra of urine were observed at sequential time points over a 12 month period.

NMR-based metabolic profiling identifies biomarkers of liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy in the rat.

Tissue injury and repair are often overlapping consequences of disease or toxic exposure, but are not often considered as distinct processes in molecular studies. To establish the systemic metabolic response to liver regeneration, the partial hepatectomy (PH) model has been studied in the rat by an integrated metabonomics strategy, utilizing (1)H NMR spectroscopy of urine, liver and serum. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either surgical removal of approximately two-thirds of the liver, sham operated (SO) surgery, or no treatment (n = 10/group) and samples collected over a 7 day period.

Arylphthalazines as potent, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of VEGFR-2.

A series of arylphthalazine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as antagonists of VEGF receptor II (VEGFR-2). IM-094482 57, which was prepared in two steps from commercially available starting materials, was found to be a potent inhibitor of VEGFR-2 in enzymatic, cellular and mitogenic assays (comparable activity to ZD-6474). Additionally, 57 inhibited the related receptor, VEGF receptor I (VEGFR-1), and showed excellent exposure when dosed orally to female CD-1 mice.