This narrative review article explores the complex interplay between obesity, osteoarthritis, and their associated inflammatory cascades, offering a deeper understanding of the underlying of mechanisms of inflammation and potential therapeutic interventions targeting both diseases. Through examination of the shared inflammatory pathway of obesity and osteoarthritis, our objective is to directly elucidate the relationship between these two conditions, highlighting the promising role of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in modulating inflammation and its therapeutic implications for patients with obesity and osteoarthritis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeneralist health interventions that aim to reduce chronic health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations can be culturally adapted to better meet the needs of Indigenous people in Canada; however, little is known regarding best practices in implementing these adaptations. The present study first provides a review of the research process used to adapt a previous evidence-based housing initiative for Indigenous youth in Northwestern Ontario. Second, it includes an overview of the adaptations that were made and the associated rationale for such adaptations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe primary goal of this study was to compile the top 50 most cited articles on the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). A search of relevant studies was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines in Web of Science. The top 25 most cited articles in osteoarthritis and tendinopathy were then compiled and evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Orthopsychiatry
February 2022
Bronfenbrenner's framework highlights the importance of considering ecological systems to understand child well-being. Children entering foster care often experience disruption across systems. Yet, prior research has focused on specific disruptions linked to outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Community Psychol
March 2022
Housing stability is a complex concept to measure. One set of factors under consideration are those based on a personal or subjective sense of stability. We explore the variables associated with subjective stability and explore how subjective stability relates to housing stability across time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis longitudinal study explored the unique profiles of maltreatment among youth in the child welfare system and examined their relation to mental health outcomes over time. We additionally examined the moderating role of age. Participants included 316 youth in the foster care system (age range: 6-13 years).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere is a high prevalence of Indigenous youth experiencing either precarious housing or homelessness in northwestern Ontario. Given that Indigenous pathways to homelessness can differ from non-Indigenous youth, interventions that address homelessness must also adapt to meet diverse needs. The Housing Outreach Program Collaborative (HOP-C) is a tertiary prevention intervention designed to provide congruent housing and peer and mental health supports for youth experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Ontario.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere are tremendous opportunities to advance science, clinical care, sports performance, and societal health if we are able to develop tools for monitoring musculoskeletal loading (e.g., forces on bones or muscles) outside the lab.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLittle is known regarding the specific types of service models and collaborations that are necessary to support diverse populations of youth in transition out of homelessness. Transitional supports addressing the complex needs of this population are needed to stabilize the array of housing arrangements that youth access. This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial of one such critical time intervention, called the Housing Outreach Program-Collaboration (HOP-C).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Tibial stress fractures are a common overuse injury resulting from the accumulation of bone microdamage due to repeated loading. Researchers and wearable device developers have sought to understand or predict stress fracture risks, and other injury risks, by monitoring the ground reaction force (GRF, the force between the foot and ground), or GRF correlates (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis article examines the feasibility of a complex intervention designed to facilitate the transition of youth out of homelessness. It is intended to contribute to efforts to build out the youth homelessness intervention literature, which is underdeveloped relative to descriptive characterizations of risk. The 6-month intervention examined here, referred to as the Housing Outreach Program-Collaboration (HOP-C), is comprised of transitional outreach-based case management, individual and group mental health supports, and peer support.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYouth in child welfare often experience emergency shelter care, a type of congregate setting, while a permanent placement is arranged. The present longitudinal study explored the impact of initial emergency shelter placement on long-term externalizing behavior (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChild maltreatment and family dysfunction (e.g., conflict) can have a long-term deleterious impact on youth well-being.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNonresident fathers can have a significant impact on children's behavioral outcomes. Unfortunately, the impact of nonresident father involvement on the behavioral outcomes of children with child welfare involvement has received scant attention in the literature, a limitation the current study sought to address. A sample of 333 children in state custody in Illinois between the ages of six and 13 participated and were assessed using the externalizing behavior scale of the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) at regular intervals throughout their time in care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmergency shelter care for children entering foster care is widely used as a temporary first placement, despite its contraindications. However, little research has examined predictors of utilization (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) is a parent report measure designed to assess executive skills in everyday life. The present study employed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate three alternative models of the factor structure of the BRIEF. Given the executive functioning difficulties that commonly co-occur with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the participants included 181 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of ADHD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdm Policy Ment Health
July 2016
Time to psychiatric rehospitalization was predicted for a sample of 1473 Medicaid-insured youth in Illinois in 2005 and 2006. A multi-level model statistical strategy was employed to account for the fact that youth days to rehospitalization were nested within hospital and to test the hypothesis that hospitals would vary significantly in return rates, controlling for individual-level (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Behav Health Serv Res
April 2016
This study estimated classes of children's acute-stay psychiatric acuity trajectories in terms of shape (i.e., linear, quadratic, cubic) and rate of change (slope).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The study tested the feasibility of using practice-based evidence to improve children’s treatment response to inpatient care in psychiatric hospitals.
Methods: A total of 524 children (aged four to 12 years) who were patients at three psychiatric hospitals with child units were studied between October 1, 2009, and October 1, 2010. The Acuity of Psychiatric Illness, Child and Adolescent Version (CAPI), a reliable and valid measure of risk behaviors, symptoms, and functioning, was completed each weekday by trained frontline staff on the milieu.
Background: Although aldosterone influences the effect of salt intake on blood pressure (BP), the extent to which this occurs at a population level is uncertain. We therefore aimed to determine, at a community level in a group of African descent, whether in the absence of primary aldosteronism, the relationship between salt intake and BP is modified by circulating aldosterone, and the extent to which this occurs.
Methods: In 575 participants of African ancestry (age >16 years), we assessed whether aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) is associated with the relationship between urinary sodium (Na(+))-to-potassium (K(+)) ratio (urinary Na(+)/K(+)) (from 24-h urine samples), an index of salt intake, and BP.
Objectives: As the impact of mild smoking on blood pressure (BP) is uncertain, we assessed the relationship between predominantly mild current smoking and out-of-office BP and the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype on this relationship in a community sample of black African ancestry.
Methods: In 689 participants randomly recruited from an urban, developing community of black African descent, we assessed smoking habits, out-of-office (24-h), and in-office conventional and central (applanation tonometry) BP, and ACE insertion (I)/deletion (D) variant genotype.
Results: A total of 14.
Although central pulse pressure (PPc) is strongly related to central mean arterial pressure (MAPc), PPc predicts cardiovascular outcomes beyond MAPc. Whether modifiable risk factors for hypertension contribute to PPc and its determinants, independent of MAPc, is uncertain. In 635 randomly recruited participants, we assessed the independent relationship between 24-hour urinary sodium (Na(+)) or potassium (K(+)) excretion and brachial artery PP (in office or 24-hour; n = 487), PPc, the forward (P1) and augmented (Paug) pressure wave components of PPc, central augmentation index, and determinants of central pressure waves, including aortic pulse wave velocity, effective reflecting distance, and reflective wave transit time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSystems to provide feedback regarding treatment progress have been recognized as a promising method for the early identification of patients at risk for treatment failure in outpatient psychotherapy. The feedback systems presented in this article rely on decision rules to contrast the actual treatment progress of an individual patient and his or her expected treatment response (ETR). Approaches to predict the ETR on the basis of patient intake characteristics and previous treatment progress can be classified into two broad classes: Rationally derived decision rules rely on the judgments of experts, who determine the amount of progress that a patient has to achieve for a given treatment session to be considered "on track.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrior research has shown that the personality variables extraversion and neuroticism predict burnout among frontline staff working in residential treatment centers. This study tested the hypothesis that the effect of personality on burnout would be moderated by the psychiatric characteristics of the youth served on the milieu. Two hundred and three frontline staff working in 21 residential treatment centers in Illinois serving troubled youth completed surveys regarding opinions about their jobs, the Big Five Inventory (BFI), a youth presenting problems scale for the entire milieu, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the relationship between several proposed protective factors and trauma symptoms among highly vulnerable youth in the child welfare system.
Methods: Participants were 142 youth identified with a sexual behavior problem and their caregivers. Two waves of data were collected for each participant an average of 18 months apart.