Circadian-informed lighting improves vigilance, sleep, and subjective sleepiness during simulated night-shift work.

Study Objectives: Shiftwork is associated with cognitive impairment and reduced sleep time and quality, largely due to circadian misalignment. This study tested if circadian-informed lighting could improve cognitive performance and sleep during simulated night shifts versus dim control lighting.

Methods: Nineteen healthy participants (mean ± SD 29 ± 10 years, 12 males, 7 females) were recruited to a laboratory study consisting of two counterbalanced 8-day lighting conditions (order randomized) 1-month apart: (1) control lighting condition - dim, blue-depleted and (2) circadian-informed lighting condition - blue-enriched and blue-depleted where appropriate.

A circadian-informed lighting intervention accelerates circadian adjustment to a night work schedule in a submarine lighting environment.

Study Objective: Night work has detrimental impacts on sleep and performance, primarily due to misalignment between sleep-wake schedules and underlying circadian rhythms. This study tested whether circadian-informed lighting accelerated circadian phase delay, and thus adjustment to night work, compared to blue-depleted standard lighting under simulated submariner work conditions.

Methods: Nineteen healthy sleepers (12 males; mean ± SD aged 29 ± 10 years) participated in two separate 8-day visits approximately 1 month apart to receive, in random order, circadian-informed lighting (blue-enriched and dim, blue-depleted lighting at specific times) and standard lighting (dim, blue-depleted lighting).

Delayed melatonin circadian timing, lower melatonin output, and sleep disruptions in myopic, or short-sighted, children.

Study Objectives: This study investigated the differences in melatonin circadian timing and output, sleep characteristics, and cognitive function in myopic and non-myopic (or emmetropic) children, aged 8-15 years.

Methods: Twenty-six myopes (refractive error [mean ± standard error mean] -2.06 ± 0.

General practitioner assessment and management of insomnia in adults.

Background: Sleep disturbance is among the most prevalent presentations in Australian general practice. Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, is associated with impaired daytime, social and occupational function, reduced quality of life and substantially increased risk of future depression. Guidelines from Australian and international general practice, sleep and medical societies strongly recommend cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) as the first-line treatment for chronic insomnia.

Establishing the acute physiological and sleep disruption characteristics of wind farm versus road traffic noise disturbances in sleep: a randomized controlled trial protocol.

Study Objectives: Despite the global expansion of wind farms, effects of wind farm noise (WFN) on sleep remain poorly understood. This protocol details a randomized controlled trial designed to compare the sleep disruption characteristics of WFN versus road traffic noise (RTN).

Methods: This study was a prospective, seven night within-subjects randomized controlled in-laboratory polysomnography-based trial.

General practitioner management of comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea.

Background: Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea are the two most common sleep disorders and frequently co-exist. Patients with comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea experience worse daytime function, mental health and physical health than patients with either disorder alone. General practitioners may face unique challenges in the assessment and management of this prevalent and debilitating condition.

Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): recent research and future directions.

Purpose Of Review: Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea have previously been viewed as completely independent conditions. However, there is now increasing recognition that insomnia and sleep apnea frequently co-occur. Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) is a highly prevalent condition that is associated with impairment of sleep, daytime function, mental health and physical health outcomes, and mortality risk.

Circadian aspects in the aetiology and pathophysiology of insomnia.

Because the endogenous circadian pacemaker is a very strong determinant of alertness/sleep propensity across the 24 h period, its mistiming may contribute to symptoms of insomnia (e.g., difficulties initiating sleep and maintaining sleep) and to the development of insomnia disorder.

Development of evening sleep homeostatic pressure in early adolescent boys.

The physiological processes governing sleep regulation show maturational changes during adolescent development. To date, data are available to specify when delays in circadian timing occur; however, no longitudinal data exist to characterize the maturation of the accumulation of sleep pressure across the evening. The aim of this longitudinal study was to test whether this change in evening sleep propensity can be identified during early adolescence.

The efficacy of intensive sleep retraining for insomnia: A systematic review and research agenda.

Intensive sleep retraining (ISR) is a brief behavioural treatment for sleep onset insomnia, administered in just a single overnight treatment session. This systematic review evaluates existing trials about the efficacy of intensive sleep retraining for treating insomnia, to inform whether there is enough evidence to recommend its use for clinical practice. A systematic literature search was conducted across three databases, yielding 108 results.

Wearable Device-Delivered Intensive Sleep Retraining as an Adjunctive Treatment to Kickstart Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia.

Intensive Sleep Retraining is a behavioral treatment for sleep onset insomnia that produces substantial benefits in symptoms after a single treatment session. This technique involves falling asleep and waking up shortly afterward repeatedly: a process that is thought to retrain people to fall asleep quickly when attempting sleep. Although originally confined to the sleep laboratory, recent technological developments mean that this technique is feasible to self-administer at home.

Comorbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnea: Assessment and Management Approaches.

Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition that is more difficult to treat compared with insomnia alone or sleep apnea alone. Approximately 30% to 50% of sleep clinic patients with sleep apnea report comorbid insomnia symptoms. Comorbid insomnia is associated with lower adherence to positive airway pressure therapy for obstructive sleep apnea.

The Good Sleeper Scale-15 items: a questionnaire for the standardised assessment of good sleepers.

Research with 'good sleepers' is ubiquitous, yet there are no standardised criteria to identify a 'good sleeper'. The present study aimed to create and validate a questionnaire for identifying good sleepers for use in research studies known as the Good Sleeper Scale-15 items (GSS-15). Data were derived from a population-based survey of Australian adults (n = 2,044).

Electric lighting, adolescent sleep and circadian outcomes, and recommendations for improving light health.

Light is a potent circadian entraining agent. For many people, daily light exposure is fundamentally dysregulated with reduced light during the day and increased light into the late evening. This lighting schedule promotes chronic disruption to circadian physiology resulting in a myriad of impairments.

Intensive sleep retraining treatment for insomnia administered by smartphone in the home: an uncontrolled pilot study.

Study Objectives: Intensive sleep retraining (ISR) is a behavioral treatment that involves a patient falling asleep repeatedly over 1 treatment session (< 24 hours in duration) to treat sleep-onset insomnia. ISR relies on high homeostatic sleep and circadian rhythm drives to facilitate rapid sleep onsets overnight. The high cost and inaccessibility of laboratory-based ISR is a significant practical barrier to treatment uptake.

An experimental investigation on the impact of wind turbine noise on polysomnography-measured and sleep diary-determined sleep outcomes.

Study Objectives: Carefully controlled studies of wind turbine noise (WTN) and sleep are lacking, despite anecdotal complaints from some residents in wind farm areas and known detrimental effects of other noises on sleep. This laboratory-based study investigated the impact of overnight WTN exposure on objective and self-reported sleep outcomes.

Methods: Sixty-eight participants (38 females) aged (mean ± SD) 49.

Does total sleep time substantially increase after cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia?

Study Objectives: In most standardized approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, it is commonly the case that total wake time is reduced substantially during sleep restriction, but self-reported total sleep time (TST) is minimally affected. By follow-up, however, TST increases by almost 1 hour on average. A secondary analysis was undertaken to assess what percentage of participants meet or appreciably exceed baseline TST after cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.

The association of co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea with prevalent cardiovascular disease and incident cardiovascular events.

Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea commonly co-occur (co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea), and their co-occurrence has been associated with worse cardiometabolic and mental health. However, it remains unknown if people with co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea are at a heightened risk of incident cardiovascular events. This study used longitudinal data from the Sleep Heart Health Study (N = 5803) to investigate potential associations between co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease prevalence at baseline and cardiovascular event incidence over ~11 years follow-up.

Sleepy, tired, drowsy, and fatigue have different meanings for a university student sample.

Study Objectives: This pilot study aimed to investigate differences in the semantic meanings that individuals attribute to the words "sleepy," "fatigued," "tired," and "drowsy."

Methods: Ninety-six undergraduate students ranked the target words on 3 independent dimensions (evaluative, potency, and activity) to assess their meaning using the semantic differential technique. Participants also completed online questionnaires to assess their sleep difficulties and current states of sleepiness and fatigue.

The effect of wind turbine noise on polysomnographically measured and self-reported sleep latency in wind turbine noise naïve participants.

Study Objectives: Wind turbine noise (WTN) exposure could potentially interfere with the initiation of sleep. However, effects on objectively assessed sleep latency are largely unknown. This study sought to assess the impact of WTN on polysomnographically measured and sleep diary-determined sleep latency compared to control background noise alone in healthy good sleepers without habitual prior WTN exposure.

Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea is associated with all-cause mortality.

Background: Increased mortality has been reported in people with insomnia and in those with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, these conditions commonly co-occur and the combined effect of comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) on mortality risk is unknown. This study used Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) data to assess associations between COMISA and all-cause mortality risk.

EEG power spectral responses to wind farm compared with road traffic noise during sleep: A laboratory study.

Wind turbine noise is dominated by low frequencies for which effects on sleep relative to more common environmental noise sources such as road traffic noise remain unknown. This study examined the effect of wind turbine noise compared with road traffic noise on sleep using quantitative electroencephalogram power spectral analysis. Twenty-three participants were exposed to 3-min samples of wind turbine noise and road traffic noise at three sound pressure levels (33, 38 and 43 dBA) in randomised order during established sleep.