Laryngomalacia: Not just an infant disease.

Aim: Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital anomaly of the larynx and is regarded as a process that resolves by the age of two years. The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of laryngomalacia beyond the age of 2 years, to describe its clinical characteristics and to identify risk factors.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all bronchoscopies performed over a 3 year period.

Beveled vs. Perpendicular Incisions and The Effects on Wound Healing: A Review.

Unlabelled: Proper surgical technique is crucial for optimizing wound healing and reducing scar tissue formation. There are numerous measures a surgeon can take to improve wound healing; however, the angle of the incision made at the surgical site has been suggested to potentially play a role in wound healing, particularly between beveled and perpendicular incisions.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to analyze the literature and observe whether a discrepancy exists between using beveled vs perpendicular incisions in surgical procedures, as well as to understand the relationship between incision angles and physiologic wound healing.

Being overweight and born in the spring are associated with an increased risk for rhinitis.

Aim: To explore the relationship between the season of birth and the prevalence of recurrent or chronic rhinitis (rhinitis).

Methods: The medical records of consecutive 17-year-old conscripts to the Israeli army were reviewed. We compared the prevalence of rhinitis between children born during different seasons.

Factors associated with resolution of childhood asthma by the age of 17: Large cohort analysis.

Background: Many children with asthma will become asymptomatic during adolescence. In this study, we evaluated factors associated with recovery from asthma by the age of 17.

Methods: The medical records of 17-year-old conscripts to the Israeli army with asthma were compared with the records of conscripts with rigorously diagnosed resolved asthma.

The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the prevalence and severity of hospitalizations for pneumonia in children.

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) were introduced into the Israeli national immunization plan starting with the heptavalent PCV7 in 2009 and then PCV13 in the late 2010. The objective of this study was to determine the vaccines' impact on hospitalization rates for community-acquired pneumonia on the severity of the pneumonia episodes and upon pneumococcal serotype distribution. We retrospectively reviewed all children hospitalized in our institution with pneumonia, aged between 1 and 16 years, between the years 2006 and 2015.

Infants' Sleep: Israeli Parents' Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices.

The purpose of the study was to assess Israeli parents' knowledge of and attitudes towards practices promoting infants' safe sleep and their compliance with such practices. Researchers visited the homes of 335 parents in 59 different residential locations in Israel and collected their responses to structured questionnaires. SPSS 25 statistical package for data analysis was used.

Are there gender differences in blood oxygen saturation in prepubertal children?

Introduction: Previous studies reported higher oxygen saturation (SpO ) in healthy young adult females as compared to males. The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether or not similar differences exist in prepubertal children.

Methods: SpO levels, respiratory rate, and pulse were measured in 4- to 10-year-old males and females.

Supraglottoplasty for severe laryngomalacia. Can we predict success?

Objectives: Laryngomalacia is the dynamic collapse of supraglottic structures during inspiration, leading to a variable degree of airway obstruction. Clinical symptoms appear in the first months of life and are usually mild and resolve by the age of 12-18 months. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be considered.

Ibuprofen does not prevent postbronchoscopy fever in children undergoing broncho-alveolar lavage.

Background: Fiber-optic bronchoscopy (FOB) of the lower airways is a routine examination performed for investigating varying respiratory complaints in children. A common side effect is a transient high fever on the day of the FOB. Such episodes are usually unrelated to an infectious process but may cause clinical uncertainty and parental anxiety.

Does birth season influence the odds for asthma? Large cohort analysis.

Background And Objective: Few studies have examined the possibility of a link between birth season and the risk for asthma. Those studies that mainly focused on young children, reached different conclusions regarding both the existence of such a link and the season with the highest risk. The purpose of this study was to reinvestigate the relationship between birth season and asthma in a very large cohort, larger than in all previous studies, focusing on adolescents.

The influence of reducing fever on blood oxygen saturation in children.

Unlabelled: Laboratory-based studies on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC) suggest that high blood temperature decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of pyrexia on oxygen saturation (SpO) in children presenting to the emergency department. Normoxemic children with body temperature at or above 38.

Is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children season dependent?

Introduction: The most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is an enlargement of tonsils and/or adenoids. Previous studies have shown that the size of adenoids and tonsils is influenced by upper respiratory tract infections and exposure to allergens. The rate of exposure to bacteria, viruses, and allergens fluctuates from season to season.

Co-morbidities and cognitive status in a cohort of teenagers with asthma.

Background: There is limited data regarding co-morbidities and cognitive status of asthma during childhood and adolescence. The aim of the current study was to explore the presence of co-morbidities and cognitive status in a large cohort of teenagers with asthma.

Methods: The medical records of 314,897 consecutive 17-year-old males, undergoing comprehensive medical and cognitive evaluation prior to recruitment for military service, were reviewed.

High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children.

Introduction: Over the last decade, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy has become an increasingly important and popular mode of noninvasive respiratory support. HFNC facilitates delivery of humidified and heated oxygen at a high flow rate and generates positive airway pressure.

Methods: We present five cases of children with OSA without adenotonsillar hypertrophy who were treated with HFNC.

[The effect of fever on blood oxygen saturation in children].

Introduction: Blood temperature is inversely correlated with oxygen-hemoglobin affinity as demonstrated by in-vitro oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC) experimentation.

Objective: To evaluate the real-life effect of fever on blood oxygen saturation (SO2) in children.

Methods: Children treated in the Pediatric Emergency Department at the "Shaare Zedek" Medical Center with a body temperature > 38.

Asthma and hemoglobinopathy: when is supplemental oxygen required?

Asthma is the most common reason for referral to the emergency department in childhood. In severe attacks, supplemental O2 is given when oxygen saturation level is <90%. Described herein is the case of a child with persistent low oxygen saturation as measured on pulse oximetry (S(p)O2) after full clinical recovery from an asthma attack.

Methacholine challenge test results in children are season dependent.

Background: It is known that several parameters influence the positivity of a methacholine challenge (MCH), including a recent viral disease, allergies, and air pollution. Reports regarding the influence of the season upon the positivity of MCH are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the percentage of positive MCH tests per season.

Ultrasound velocity through the tibia is not affected by prolonged inhaled steroid therapy in children.

Aim: To evaluate in a prospective, cross-sectional cohort study the impact of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on bone speed of sound (SOS) in asthmatic children.

Methods: Children with mild-to-moderate asthma from a pulmonary clinic were assessed over a 2-month period. We recorded clinical and demographic data related to asthma severity, its treatment, participation in sports and dairy intake.

Seasonal effect on exercise challenge tests for the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

Exercise challenge test (ECT) may help in the diagnosis of asthma. Asthma is season dependent (relative summer nadir).This study was designed to prospectively show that ECT sensitivity decreases when performed in summer and/or out of personal asthma season.

Effect of moderate elevation above sea level on blood oxygen saturation in healthy young adults.

Background: Arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO₂) decreases at an altitude of >1,500 m. There are no reports on normal SaO₂ at altitudes between 0 and 1,500 m. The clinical significance of decreased SaO₂ at such altitudes is unclear.