The management of acute myocardial infarction in the Russian Federation: protocol for a study of patient pathways.

Background: Death rates from cardiovascular disease in Russia are among the highest in the world. In recent years, the Russian government has invested substantially in the healthcare system, with a particular focus on improving access to advanced technology, especially for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This protocol describes a study to understand the management of AMI in different Russian regions, investigating the role of patient, clinical, and health system characteristics.

Genetic characteristics of patients with congenital hyperinsulinism.

Purpose Of Review: Congenital hyperinsulinism is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infants and children. Early and appropriate recognition and treatment of hypoglycemia is vital to minimize neurocognitive impairment.

Recent Findings: There are at least 11 known monogenic forms of hyperinsulinism and several associated syndromes.

Threshold-Based Quantification in a Multiline Lateral Flow Assay via Computationally Designed Capture Efficiency.

Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are widely used for yes/no detection of analytes, but they are not well-suited for quantification. We show that the sensitivity of the test line in a lateral flow assay can be tuned to appear at a specific sample concentration by varying the density of capture molecules at the test line and that when test lines tuned for different responses are combined into a single test strip, lines appear at specific thresholds of sample concentration. We also developed a model based on mass-action kinetics that accurately described test line signal and shape over a wide matrix of capture molecules and sample concentrations in single-line strips.

CTCF-KDM4A complex correlates with histone modifications that negatively regulate gene expression in cancer cell lines.

Histone demethylase KDM4A is involved in H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 demethylation, which are epigenetic modifications associated with gene silencing and RNA Polymerase II elongation, respectively. is abnormally expressed in cancer, affecting the expression of multiple targets, such as the gene. This enzyme localizes at the first intron of , and the dissociation of KDM4A increases gene expression.

Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies.

Background: Low-risk limits recommended for alcohol consumption vary substantially across different national guidelines. To define thresholds associated with lowest risk for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease, we studied individual-participant data from 599 912 current drinkers without previous cardiovascular disease.

Methods: We did a combined analysis of individual-participant data from three large-scale data sources in 19 high-income countries (the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD, and the UK Biobank).

The contribution of obesity to carotid atherosclerotic plaque burden in a general population sample in Norway: The Tromsø Study.

Background And Aims: Few studies have investigated the association of different measures of adiposity with carotid plaque. We aimed to investigate and compare the associations of four measures of adiposity: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with the presence of carotid plaque and total plaque area (TPA) in the right carotid artery.

Methods: We included 4906 individuals aged 31-88 years who participated in a population-based study with ultrasonography of the right carotid artery.

Innovation in an E. coli evolution experiment is contingent on maintaining adaptive potential until competition subsides.

Key innovations are disruptive evolutionary events that enable a species to escape constraints and rapidly diversify. After 15 years of the Lenski long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli, cells in one of the twelve populations evolved the ability to utilize citrate, an abundant but previously untapped carbon source in the environment. Descendants of these cells became dominant in the population and subsequently diversified as a consequence of invading this vacant niche.

Using Mesh to Reinforce the Abdominal Wall in Abdominal Free Flaps for Breast Reconstruction: Is There a Benefit? What are the Risks?

Introduction: Abdominal wall integrity may be compromised after abdominal flap harvest for breast reconstruction, leading to bulging or herniation due to weakening of the abdominal wall and dissection through the rectus muscle. Mesh can be used to reinforce the abdominal wall to reduce the risk of hernia formation postoperatively, especially in patients who may be at high risk. In this study, we describe this institution's experience with the use of mesh in the abdominal wall and critically evaluate its impact on patient outcomes and complications.

A unique allosteric insulin receptor monoclonal antibody that prevents hypoglycemia in the SUR-1 mouse model of KATP hyperinsulinism.

Loss-of-function mutations of the ß-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K) cause the most common and severe form of congenital hyperinsulinism (KHI), a disorder of ß-cell function characterized by severe hypoglycemia. Children with KHI are typically unresponsive to medical therapy and require pancreatectomy for intractable hypoglycemia. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of insulin receptor signaling may prevent hypoglycemia in KHI.

Sorting out the phytoprostane and phytofuran profile in vegetable oils.

Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) are prostaglandin-like compounds, contributing to defense signaling and prevention of cellular damage. These plant oxylipins result from autoxidation of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and have been proposed as new bioactive compounds due to their structural analogies with isoprostanes (IsoPs) and prostanoids derived from arachidonic acid in mammals, which have demonstrated diverse biological activities. The present work assesses a wide range of vegetable oils - including extra virgin olive oils (n = 7) and flax, sesame, argan, safflower seed, grapeseed, and palm oils - for their content of PhytoPs and PhytoFs.

Number of hospital contacts with alcohol problems predicts later risk of alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Aims: Alcoholic liver cirrhosis is usually preceded by years of heavy drinking. We investigated whether the risk of alcoholic liver cirrhosis increases as the number of hospital contacts with alcohol problems goes up.

Methods: This was a supplementary analysis on a nationwide register-based cohort study.

Clinical heterogeneity of hyperinsulinism due to HNF1A and HNF4A mutations.

Background: Dominant inactivating mutations in HNF1A and HNF4A have been described to cause hyperinsulinism (HI) before evolving to diabetes. However, information available in the literature regarding the clinical phenotype is limited.

Objective: To report the prevalence of HNF1A and HNF4A mutations in a large cohort of children with HI, and to describe their genotypes and phenotypes.

Apicomplexan C-Mannosyltransferases Modify Thrombospondin Type I-containing Adhesins of the TRAP Family.

In many metazoan species, an unusual type of protein glycosylation, called C-mannosylation, occurs on adhesive thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs) and type I cytokine receptors. This modification has been shown to be catalyzed by the Caenorhabditis elegans DPY-19 protein and orthologues of the encoding gene were found in the genome of apicomplexan parasites. Lately, the micronemal adhesin thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) was shown to be C-hexosylated in Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites.

Hyperinsulinism in the Neonate.

Hyperinsulinism (HI) is the leading cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infants. Prompt recognition and treatment, independent of whether infants have transient or permanent HI, are essential to decrease risk of neurologic damage. The most common form of congenital HI is due to inactivating mutations of the β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (K) channel (K-HI) and is typically diazoxide unresponsive.

Hospital contacts with alcohol problems prior to liver cirrhosis or pancreatitis diagnosis.

Aim: To evaluate prior hospital contacts with alcohol problems in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis.

Methods: This was a register-based study of all patients diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis or pancreatitis during 2008-2012 in Denmark. Hospital contacts with alcohol problems (intoxication, harmful use, or dependence) in the 10-year period preceding the diagnosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis were identified.

Congenital Hyperinsulinism and Hypopituitarism Attributable to a Mutation in FOXA2.

Context: Persistent hypoglycemia in the newborn period most commonly occurs as a result of hyperinsulinism. The phenotype of hypoketotic hypoglycemia can also result from pituitary hormone deficiencies, including growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency. Forkhead box A2 (Foxa2) is a transcription factor shown in mouse models to influence insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells.

[Breast osteosarcoma originating in a phyllodes tumor. Report of one case].

Phyllodes tumors account for less than 1% of tumors of the mammary gland, have both epithelial and stromal components and are classified as benign, borderline and malignant. The malignant tumors are highly heterogeneous: they can differentiate to liposarcomas, fibrosarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, chondrosarcomas or osteosarcomas. The differentiation to osteosarcoma is extremely rare, constitutes 1.

Population pharmacokinetics of exendin-(9-39) and clinical dose selection in patients with congenital hyperinsulinism.

Aims: Congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in infants and children. Exendin-(9-39), an inverse glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist, is a novel therapeutic agent for HI that has demonstrated glucose-raising effect. We report the first population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of the exendin-(9-39) in patients with HI and propose the optimal dosing regimen for future clinical trials in neonates with HI.

How has the management of acute coronary syndrome changed in the Russian Federation during the last 10 years?

Methods: We report trends and patterns of percutaneous cardiovascular interventions (PCI) by region for 2005-2009, with more detailed data on management of myocardial infarctions in 2009-2103, relating them to regional economic development and changes in mortality from myocardial infarction.

Results: PCIs per 100,000 population increased from 8.7 in 2005-71.

A systematic review of allostatic load in relation to socioeconomic position: Poor fidelity and major inconsistencies in biomarkers employed.

Background: The association between disease and socioeconomic position (SEP) is well established. Allostatic load (AL), or physiological 'wear and tear', is a concept that aims to elucidate the biological consequences of stress that may underlie these associations. The primary objective of this paper is to review the biomarkers and methods used to operationalise the concept of AL in studies analysing the association between AL and SEP.

Modulation of motor cortex excitability by paired peripheral and transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Objective: Repetitive application of peripheral electrical stimuli paired with transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of M1 cortex at low frequency, known as paired associative stimulation (PAS), is an effective method to induce motor cortex plasticity in humans. Here we investigated the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) combined with low frequency rTMS ('magnetic-PAS') on intracortical and corticospinal excitability and whether those changes were widespread or circumscribed to the cortical area controlling the stimulated muscle.

Methods: Eleven healthy subjects underwent three 10min stimulation sessions: 10HzrPMS alone, applied in trains of 5 stimuli every 10s (60 trains) on the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscle; rTMS alone at an intensity 120% of ECR threshold, applied over motor cortex of ECR and at a frequency of 0.

Metastatic Cutaneous Paraganglioma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Paragangliomas are rare neoplasms that arise from chromaffin cells of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These tumors are often cured by surgical resection but the risk for metastatic disease exists, particularly for extra-adrenal paragangliomas. The behavior of these tumors is unpredictable, and clinical and histopathological features associated with malignancy have not been determined.

tDCS does not enhance the effects of robot-assisted gait training in patients with subacute stroke.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, which can modulate cortical excitability and combined with rehabilitation therapies may improve motor recovery after stroke.

Objective: Our aim was to study the feasibility of a 4-week robotic gait training protocol combined with tDCS, and to study tDCS to the leg versus hand motor cortex or sham to improve walking ability in patients after a subacute stroke.

Methods: Forty-nine subacute stroke patients underwent 20 daily sessions (5 days a week for 4 weeks) of robotic gait training combined with tDCS.