A Risk Quantification Reference Table for Progressed Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: An Exact Case Matched Outcomes Analysis.

Study Design: Retrospective Exact Matched case-control study.

Objectives: Surgical treatment delay in AIS due to family preferences is common. This study aims to quantify the increase in risks as the Cobb angle increases and provide a Quantifiable Risk Reference Table that can be utilized for counseling.

Selective Thoracic Fusion for Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Comparison of Three Surgical Techniques with Minimum 5-year Follow-up.

Study Design: Single-center retrospective review of outcomes among three surgical techniques in the treatment of thoracic idiopathic scoliosis (T-AIS) with a follow-up of at least 5 years.

Objective: To investigate how outcomes compare in video-assisted anterior thoracic instrumentation (VATS), all hooks/hook-pedicle screw hybrid instrumentation (HHF), and all pedicle screw instrumentation (PSF) techniques for T-AIS.

Summary Of Background Data: Studies comparing outcomes for anterior versus posterior fusion for T-AIS are few and with short follow-up.

Risk factors for surgical complications in the management of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Background Context: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a progressive, debilitating disease most commonly affecting the cervical spine. When compared to other degenerative pathologies, OPLL procedures carry a significantly higher risk of complications owing to increased case complexity and technical difficulties. Most previous studies have focused on functional outcomes and few have reported on risk factors for postoperative complications in OPLL patients.

A novel hospital capacity versus clinical justification triage score (CCTS) for prioritization of spinal surgeries in the "new normal state" of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: During the Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, while healthcare systems and hospitals are diverting their resources to combat the pandemic, patients who require spinal surgeries continue to accumulate. The aim of this study is to describe a novel hospital capacity versus clinical justification triage score (CCTS) to prioritize patients who require surgery during the "new normal state" of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology: A consensus study using the Delphi technique was carried out among clinicians from the Orthopaedic Surgery, Neurosurgery, and Anaesthesia departments.

Lumbar Adding-on of the Thoracic Spine After Selective Fusion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Lenke Types 1 and 2 Patients: A Critical Appraisal.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to identify risk factors that predict lumbar curve adding-on in patients who had selective thoracic fusion.

Summary Of Background Data: Selective thoracic fusion offers deformity correction of Lenke 1 and 2 thoracic curves and maintains lumbar range of movement.

Symptomatic Construct Failure after Metastatic Spine Tumor Surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and presentation of symptomatic failures (SFs) after metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS). To identify the associated risk factors.

A 10-Year Radiographic Study Comparing Anterior Versus Posterior Instrumented Spinal Fusion in Patients With Lenke Type 5 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Unlabelled: MINI: This is a long-term prospective cohort study comparing the radiographic outcomes of anterior versus posterior instrumentation for Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Both approaches were comparable in terms of radiographic outcomes up to 10 years. The posterior approach is more prone to developing proximal junctional kyphosis.

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IONM): Is There a Role in Metastatic Spine Tumor Surgery?

Study Design: A retrospective design.

Objective: We aim to report our experience with multimodal intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS).

Summary Of Background Data: IONM is considered as standard of care in spinal deformity surgeries.

The Predictive Value of Preoperative Health-Related Quality-of-Life Scores on Postoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Scores in Lumbar Spine Surgery.

Study Design: A single-center, retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To predict patient-reported outcomes (PROs) using preoperative health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) scores by quantifying the correlation between them, so as to aid selection of surgical candidates and preoperative counselling.

Methods: All patients who underwent single-level elective lumbar spine surgery over a 2-year period were divided into 3 diagnosis groups: spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, and disc herniation.

Normal variation in sagittal spinal alignment parameters in adult patients: an EOS study using serial imaging.

Purpose: To describe normal variations in sagittal spinal radiographic parameters over an interval period and establish physiological norms and guidelines for which these images should be interpreted.

Methods: Data were prospectively collected from a continuous series of adult patients with first-episode mild low back pain presenting to a single institution. The sagittal parameters of two serial radiographic images taken 6-months apart were obtained with the EOS slot scanner.

Lumbar Spine Alignment in Six Common Postures: An ROM Analysis With Implications for Deformity Correction.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study of prospectively collected data.

Objective: To compare lumbar spine alignment in six common postures, and estimate loss in range of motion (ROM) relative to standing.

Summary Of Background Data: Ideal position for fusion of lumbar spine remains unknown.

Is Intraoperative Local Vancomycin Powder the Answer to Surgical Site Infections in Spine Surgery?

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort comparative study of all patients who underwent instrumented spine surgery at a single institution.

Objective: To compare the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) between the treatment (vancomycin) and the control group (no vancomycin) in patients undergoing instrumented spine surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: SSI after spine surgery is a dreaded complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Reproducibility of sagittal radiographic parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis-a guide to reference values using serial imaging.

Background Context: Knowledge of sagittal radiographic parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients has not yet caught up with our understanding of their roles in patients with adult spinal deformity. It is likely that more emphasis will be placed in restoring sagittal parameters for AIS patients in the future. Therefore, we need to understand how these parameters may vary in AIS to facilitate management plans.

T9 versus T10 as the upper instrumented vertebra for correction of adult deformity-rationale and recommendations.

Background Context: Adult spinal deformity correction sometimes involves long posterior pedicle screw constructs extending from the lumbosacral spine to the thoracic vertebra. As fusion obliterates motion and places supraphysiological stress on adjacent spinal segments, it is crucial to ascertain the ideal upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) to minimize risk of proximal junctional failure (PJF). The T10 vertebra is often chosen to allow bridging of the thoracolumbar junction into the immobile thoracic vertebrae on the basis that it is the lowest immobile thoracic vertebra strut by the rib cage.

Differences in erect sitting and natural sitting spinal alignment-insights into a new paradigm and implications in deformity correction.

Background Context: Sitting spinal alignment is increasingly recognized as a factor influencing strategy for deformity correction. Considering that most individuals sit for longer hours in a "slumped" rather than in an erect posture, greater understanding of the natural sitting posture is warranted.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the differences in sagittal spinal alignment between two common sitting postures: a natural, patient-preferred posture; and an erect, investigator-controlled posture that is commonly used in alignment studies.

How the spine differs in standing and in sitting-important considerations for correction of spinal deformity.

Background Context: The current prevailing school of thought in spinal deformity surgery is to restore sagittal balance with reference to the alignment of the spine when the patient is standing. This strategy, however, likely accounts for increased rates of proximal junctional failure.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between the spine in standing and sitting positions as these may elucidate reasons for deformity correction failure.

The role of preoperative vascular embolization in surgery for metastatic spinal tumours.

Purpose: To determine the effect of preoperative embolization on intraoperative blood loss in surgery for metastatic spinal tumours stratified by tumour type, type of surgical approach and extent of surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 218 patients undergoing open surgery for metastatic spine tumours in our institution between 2005 and 2014. The cohort was divided to those who underwent preoperative embolization and those who did not.

Cervical intradural abscess masquerading as an epidural collection.

Intradural spinal cord abscesses especially in the cervical spine are a rare occurrence. We report a rare presentation of an intradural extramedullary abscess at the atlantoaxial level, initially misdiagnosed as an epidural collection. The patient presented with worsening quadriparesis preceded by a 2-week history of upper respiratory tract infection and neck pain.

Common lower limb sport-related overuse injuries in young athletes.

Introduction: Sports injuries in children and adolescent present a unique challenge to the physician. They are often seen for clinical conditions unique to their age group. This paper highlights the epidemiological aspect of sports-related overuse injuries in this age group.