Classification of early tuberculosis states to guide research for improved care and prevention: an international Delphi consensus exercise.

The current active-latent paradigm of tuberculosis largely neglects the documented spectrum of disease. Inconsistency with regard to definitions, terminology, and diagnostic criteria for different tuberculosis states has limited the progress in research and product development that are needed to achieve tuberculosis elimination. We aimed to develop a new framework of classification for tuberculosis that accommodates key disease states but is sufficiently simple to support pragmatic research and implementation.

Normative Ranges of Transcranial Doppler Metrics.

Objective: To determine normal ranges for traditional transcranial Doppler (TCD) measurements for two age groups (14-19 and 20-29 years) and compare to existing literature results. The development of a normal range for TCD measurements will be required for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tests in the future.

Materials And Methods: We performed TCD on the middle cerebral artery on 147 healthy subjects aged 18.