Cannabis Use and Trajectories of Depression and Stress Across the Prenatal Period.

Importance: Cannabis use among pregnant individuals has increased. Depression and stress are frequently reported motives for cannabis use that may prolong using cannabis during pregnancy.

Objective: To examine associations between changes in depression, stress, and self-reported prenatal cannabis use (PCU), to examine motives for PCU, and to examine whether trajectories of depression and stress vary across individuals who report using cannabis to cope with mental health symptoms and/or stress, those who use cannabis for other reasons, and those who do not report PCU.

Creation of Gas-Phase Organo-Uranium Species by Removal of "yl" Oxo Ligands From UO Carboxylate Precursor Ions.

Rationale: These experiments were conducted to measure the diversity of organo-U (IV) and U (III) ions created using multiple-stage tandem MS and collision-induced dissociation of halogen-substituted UO-phenide complexes [UO(CHFX)], X = Cl, Br, or I.

Methods: Samples of UO(OC-CHFX) were prepared by digesting UO with appropriate halogen-substituted carboxylic acids in deionized water. Solutions for ESI were created by diluting the digested sample in 50:50 HO/CHOH.

Synthesis of organo-uranium(II) species in the gas-phase using reactions between [UH] and nitriles.

One challenge in the quest to map the intrinsic reactivity of model actinide species has been the controlled synthesis of organo-actinide ions in the gas phase. We report here evidence that a series of gas-phase, σ-bonded [U-R] species (where R = CH, CH, CH, CH, or CH) can be generated for subsequent study of ion-molecule chemistry by using preparative tandem mass spectrometry (PTMS) ion-molecule reactions between [UH] and a series of nitriles. Density functional theory calculations support the hypothesis that the [U-R] ions are created in a pathway that involves intramolecular hydride attack and the elimination of neutral HCN.

Leveraging machine learning to study how temperament scores predict pre-term birth status.

Background: Preterm birth (birth at <37 completed weeks gestation) is a significant public heatlh concern worldwide. Important health, and developmental consequences of preterm birth include altered temperament development, with greater dysregulation and distress proneness.

Aims: The present study leveraged advanced quantitative techniques, namely machine learning approaches, to discern the contribution of narrowly defined and broadband temperament dimensions to birth status classification (full-term vs.

Characteristics of women concordant and discordant for urine drug screens for cannabis exposure and self-reported cannabis use during pregnancy.

Background: Increasing cannabis use among pregnant people and equivocal evidence linking prenatal cannabis exposure to adverse outcomes in offspring highlights the need to understand its potential impact on pregnancy and child outcomes. Assessing cannabis use during pregnancy remains a major challenge with potential influences of stigma on self-report as well as detection limitations of easily collected biological matrices.

Objective: This descriptive study examined the concordance between self-reported (SR) cannabis use and urine drug screen (UDS) detection of cannabis exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy and characterized concordant and discordant groups for sociodemographic factors, modes of use, secondhand exposure to cannabis and tobacco, and alcohol use and cotinine positivity.

Brexanolone Treatment in a Real-World Patient Population: A Case Series and Pilot Feasibility Study of Precision Neuroimaging.

Purpose/background: Brexanolone is approved for postpartum depression (PPD) by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Brexanolone has outperformed placebo in clinical trials, but less is known about the efficacy in real-world patients with complex social and medical histories. Furthermore, the impact of brexanolone on large-scale brain systems such as changes in functional connectivity (FC) is unknown.

Gas-phase synthesis of [OU-X] (X = Cl, Br and I) from a UO precursor using ion-molecule reactions and an [OUCH] intermediate.

Difficulty in the preparation of gas-phase ions that include U in middle oxidation states(III,IV) have hampered efforts to investigate intrinsic structure, bonding and reactivity of model species. Our group has used preparative tandem mass spectrometry (PTMS) to synthesize a gas-phase U-methylidyne species, [OUCH], by elimination of CO from [UO(CCH)] [M. J.

Elevating Voices, Addressing Depression, Toxic Stress, and Equity Through Group Prenatal Care: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Elevating Voices, Addressing Depression, Toxic Stress and Equity (EleVATE) is a group prenatal care (GC) model designed to improve pregnancy outcomes and promote health equity for Black birthing people. This article outlines the foundational community-engaged process to develop EleVATE GC and pilot study results.

Methods: We used community-based participatory research principles and the Ferguson Commission Report to guide creation of EleVATE GC.

Interventions to treat and prevent postpartum depression: a protocol for systematic review of the literature and parallel network meta-analyses.

Introduction: Postpartum depression has costly consequences for the mother, baby, and society. Numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are available for the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression. To date, no attempt has been made to synthesize the evidence from comparisons of interventions both within and across these categories.

A randomized feasibility pilot-study of intravenous and subcutaneous administration of ketamine to prevent postpartum depression after planned cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia.

Background: Evidence suggests ketamine may prevent postpartum depression (PPD) after cesarean delivery (CD) although intolerability and inconvenience of administration are problematic. We assessed the feasibility of studying ketamine (0.5 mg/kg, via subcutaneous injection or 40-min intravenous infusion) to prevent PPD after CD.

Racism and Quality of Neonatal Intensive Care: Voices of Black Mothers.

Background And Objectives: Black preterm infants are more likely to die than White preterm infants within the same NICU. Racism may lead to disparate quality of NICU care contributing to disparities in preterm infant health outcomes. The objective of our study was to understand Black mothers' perspectives of the impact of racism on the quality of care for Black preterm infants in the NICU and what might be done to address it.

Early vs late histological confirmation of coeliac disease in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes.

Aim: Screening for coeliac disease in asymptomatic children with new-onset type 1 diabetes is controversial. The aim of this study was to analyse whether the confirmation of coeliac disease in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes and positive screening results can be postponed.

Methods: This was a multicentre population-based cohort study based on the German/Austrian/Swiss/Luxembourgian Prospective Diabetes Follow-up Registry (Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation [DPV]).

Case-based radiological anatomy instruction using cadaveric MRI imaging and delivered with extended reality web technology.

Purpose: Extended reality (XR) technology enhances learning in medical education. The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a case-based approach for teaching radiological anatomy utilizing XR technology for improved student exploration and engagement.

Methods: The workflow consisted of MRI scanning cadavers followed by radiological, pathological, and anatomical assessment, and finally case presentation based on XR visualizations and student interaction.

Lived experiences of stress of Black and Hispanic mothers during hospitalization of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units.

Objective: To characterize the lived experiences of stress associated with having a preterm infant hospitalized in the NICU among Black and Hispanic mothers.

Methods: We performed a qualitative content analysis of secondary data from two prior studies that included 39 in-depth interviews with Black and Hispanic mothers of preterm infants at 3 U.S.

Precision clinical trials: a framework for getting to precision medicine for neurobehavioural disorders.

The goal of precision medicine (individually tailored treatments) is not being achieved for neurobehavioural conditions such as psychiatric disorders. Traditional randomized clinical trial methods are insufficient for advancing precision medicine because of the dynamic complexity of these conditions. We present a pragmatic solution: the precision clinical trial framework, encompassing methods for individually tailored treatments.

Lessons learned from a pilot randomized controlled trial of dyadic interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression in a low-income population.

Background: Perinatal depression is a public health burden impacting mothers and their offspring. This study extended brief-Interpersonal Psychotherapy delivered during pregnancy by incorporating a postpartum attachment based dyadic-component to maintain mother's treatment gains and enhance the mother-infant relationship (called IPT-Dyad). The current report presents data from a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing IPT-Dyad to Enhanced Treatment as Usual (ETAU).

Seroprevalence of HCV and HIV infection among clients of the nation's longest-standing statewide syringe exchange program: A cross-sectional study of Community Health Outreach Work to Prevent AIDS (CHOW).

Background: The Community Health Outreach Work to Prevent AIDS (CHOW) Project is the first and longest-standing statewide integrated and funded needle and syringe exchange program (SEP) in the US. Initiated on O'ahu in 1990, CHOW expanded statewide in 1993. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalences of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and to characterize risk behaviors associated with infection among clients of a long-standing SEP through the analysis of the 2012 CHOW evaluation data.

Early Childhood Mental Health: Starting Early with the Pregnant Mother.

Perinatal mental health has important implications for maternal and child outcomes. Most women with psychiatric disorders during pregnancy go undiagnosed and untreated, despite widespread initiatives for early identification. Universal screening for psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, has been implemented in obstetric and primary care settings.

Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Depression is common in low-income pregnant women, and treatments need to be fitted to meet their needs. We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy (brief-IPT) to enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU) for perinatal depression in low-income women. The brief-IPT model is designed to better engage low-income women by utilizing an engagement session, providing flexible delivery of sessions, and pragmatic case management.

A pilot, exploratory report on dyadic interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression.

Perinatal depression is a major public health burden impacting both mothers and their offspring. The purpose of this study was to develop and test the acceptability and feasibility of a novel psychotherapeutic intervention that integrates an evidence-based intervention for depression, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), with postpartum dyadic psychotherapy focused on emotional development in the context of the mother-infant relationship. Nine women between 12 and 30 weeks gestation with Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) scores >12 were entered into treatment.

Adapting collaborative depression care for public community long-term care: using research-practice partnerships.

This manuscript details potential benefits for using a research-practice partnership to adapt collaborative depression care for public community long-term care agencies serving older adults. We used sequential, multi-phase, and mixed methods approaches for documenting the process of adaptation within a case study. Systematic adaptation strategies are described, such as leveraging long-term research-practice collaborations, consulting with multiple stakeholders across all levels and disciplines, and balancing demands to monitor treatment fidelity, clinical outcomes, and implementation results.

Late preterm birth, maternal depression, and risk of preschool psychiatric disorders.

Objective: Preterm children are at greater risk for psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), than their term-born peers. Prior research has focused primarily on children born at early gestational ages. Less is known about the rate of psychiatric disorders among late preterm or early term children.