Deep Learning for Biomarker Discovery in Cancer Genomes.

Background: Genomic data is essential for clinical decision-making in precision oncology. Bioinformatic algorithms are widely used to analyze next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, but they face two major challenges. First, these pipelines are highly complex, involving multiple steps and the integration of various tools.

The Toxoplasma rhoptry protein ROP55 is a major virulence factor that prevents lytic host cell death.

Programmed-cell death is an antimicrobial defense mechanism that promotes clearance of intracellular pathogens. Toxoplasma counteracts host immune defenses by secreting effector proteins into host cells; however, how the parasite evades lytic cell death and the effectors involved remain poorly characterized. We identified ROP55, a rhoptry protein that promotes parasite survival by preventing lytic cell death in absence of IFN-γ stimulation.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

Intracoronary stenting and additional results achieved by shockWAVE coronary lithotripsy: design and rationale of ISAR-WAVE trial.

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention of severely calcified lesions is limited by inadequate stent expansion and poor clinical outcomes. Over the past decade, several devices and techniques have been developed for calcium modification and lesion preparation. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a novel tool in this context.

MORC protein regulates chromatin accessibility and transcriptional repression in the human malaria parasite, .

The environmental challenges the human malaria parasite, , faces during its progression into its various lifecycle stages warrant the use of effective and highly regulated access to chromatin for transcriptional regulation. Microrchidia (MORC) proteins have been implicated in DNA compaction and gene silencing across plant and animal kingdoms. Accumulating evidence has shed light on the role MORC protein plays as a transcriptional switch in apicomplexan parasites.

Counterfactual Diffusion Models for Mechanistic Explainability of Artificial Intelligence Models in Pathology.

Background: Deep learning can extract predictive and prognostic biomarkers from histopathology whole slide images, but its interpretability remains elusive.

Methods: We develop and validate MoPaDi (Morphing histoPathology Diffusion), which generates counterfactual mechanistic explanations. MoPaDi uses diffusion autoencoders to manipulate pathology image patches and flip their biomarker status by changing the morphology.

Targeting mitochondrial metabolism by the mitotoxin bromoxib in leukemia and lymphoma cells.

Targeting mitochondrial metabolism represents a promising approach for cancer treatment. Here, we investigated the mitotoxic potential of the polybrominated diphenyl ether bromoxib, a natural compound isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea family. We could show that bromoxib comprised strong cytotoxicity in different leukemia and lymphoma cell lines (such as HL60, HPBALL, Jurkat, K562, KOPTK1, MOLT4, SUPB15 and Ramos), but also in solid tumor cell lines (such as glioblastoma cell lines SJ-GBM2 and TP365MG).

Condylar Volumetric Asymmetry Predicts Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate.

Objective: In this study, the authors investigate the associations between the mandibular condyle and facial asymmetry in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP).

Methods: Condylar volume was calculated by measuring the bony volume of the posterior mandible superior to the sigmoid notch in skeletally mature patients with CLP and controls. Relationships between condylar asymmetry, facial deviation, and malocclusion were compared using t-tests, correlation analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curves.

Search for the Exclusive W Boson Hadronic Decays W^{±}→π^{±}γ, W^{±}→K^{±}γ and W^{±}→ρ^{±}γ with the ATLAS Detector.

A search for the exclusive hadronic decays W^{±}→π^{±}γ, W^{±}→K^{±}γ, and W^{±}→ρ^{±}γ is performed using up to 140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV. If observed, these rare processes would provide a unique test bench for the quantum chromodynamics factorization formalism used to calculate cross sections at colliders. Additionally, at future colliders, these decays could offer a new way to measure the W boson mass through fully reconstructed decay products.

New-generation single-layer PTFE-covered coronary stent for endovascular repair of iatrogenic arterial side-branch injury in non-coronary lesions for the RECOVER (REsults after percutaneous interventions with COVERed stents) Investigators.

Background: The incidence of iatrogenic injuries in peripheral arteries is increasing due to the expanding opportunities of managing various cardiovascular diseases by means of percutaneous intervention. Thus, endovascular repair with implantation of covered stent (CS) after vascular injury is gaining importance as an alternative to open surgery. In cases of smaller side-branch injuries, stenting of the main vessel with subsequent exclusion and sealing of the side-branch is associated with unfavourable revascularization rates and unpredictable ischemic complications in the corresponding supply area.

Feasibility of 10-Minute Arrival Time to Departure Time Metric for STEMI Patients.

Objectives: Delays in reperfusion treatment in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients leads to higher morbidity and mortality. Previous reports for Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) suggests a 10-minute skid-to-skid (arrival to departure) time to achieve appropriate reperfusion times. However, there is no published data on whether this goal is achievable for a HEMS service.

Combination of Searches for Higgs Boson Pair Production in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter presents results from a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair production using 126-140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. At 95% confidence level (CL), the upper limit on the production rate is 2.9 times the standard model (SM) prediction, with an expected limit of 2.

Studies of the Energy Dependence of Diboson Polarization Fractions and the Radiation-Amplitude-Zero Effect in WZ Production with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter presents the first study of the energy dependence of diboson polarization fractions in WZ→ℓνℓ^{'}ℓ^{'}(ℓ,ℓ^{'}=e,μ) production. The dataset used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector. Two fiducial regions with an enhanced presence of events featuring two longitudinally polarized bosons are defined.

Comparative long-term efficacy and safety of two paclitaxel-coated balloons with different coating strategies for the treatment of drug-eluting coronary stent restenosis.

Background: We previously showed non-inferiority of a low-dose paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) with citrate excipient (Agent PCB) as compared to normal-dose iopromide excipient (SeQuent Please PCB) in terms of angiographic and clinical endpoints at 12 months. The long-term clinical efficacy and safety of Agent PCB is not defined.

Methods: 262 patients (323 DES-ISR lesions) were enrolled in this study and treated with either Agent PCB (125 patients, 151 lesions) in the ISAR-DESIRE 3a trial or with SeQuent Please PCB (137 patients, 172 lesions) in the setting of the randomized ISAR-DESIRE 3 trial with similar in- and exclusion criteria serving as historical control arm.

From whole-slide image to biomarker prediction: end-to-end weakly supervised deep learning in computational pathology.

Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained whole-slide images (WSIs) are the foundation of diagnosis of cancer. In recent years, development of deep learning-based methods in computational pathology has enabled the prediction of biomarkers directly from WSIs. However, accurately linking tissue phenotype to biomarkers at scale remains a crucial challenge for democratizing complex biomarkers in precision oncology.

The Peripheral Reduction With Keyhole Tongue Reduction Technique for Macroglossia in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome.

Objective: Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome commonly have macroglossia, which can negatively affect dentoskeletal development, breathing, speaking, and eating. Tongue reduction surgery can improve symptoms, but there is no standardized surgical approach.

Methods: A video and observational commentary highlighting the effectiveness of a tongue reduction technique for BWS were presented.