Structure and catalytic activity of the SAM-utilizing ribozyme SAMURI.

Ribozymes that catalyze site-specific RNA modification have recently gained increasing interest for their ability to mimic methyltransferase enzymes and for their application to install molecular tags. Recently, we reported SAMURI as a site-specific alkyltransferase ribozyme using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or a stabilized analog to transfer a methyl or propargyl group to N of an adenosine. Here, we report the crystal structures of SAMURI in the postcatalytic state.

Over 400 food resources from Brazil: evidence-based records of wild edible mushrooms.

Many species of mushroom-forming fungi have been harvested in the wild and used for food and medicine for thousands of years. In Brazil, the knowledge of the diversity of wild edible mushrooms remains scattered and poorly studied. Based on new samples, bibliographic records revision, and searches through the GenBank, we recorded 409 species of wild edible mushrooms in Brazil, of which 350 can be safely consumed and 59 are edible but with conditions.

Cadaveric validation of markerless tracking using weightbearing computed tomography versus conventional computed tomography imaging techniques.

This study aimed to validate the use of weightbearing computed tomography against conventional computed tomography and against bead tracking for markerless tracking of key foot and ankle bones. A left cadaveric limb was implanted with tantalum beads and underwent conventional computed tomography and weightbearing computed tomography scanning, followed by biplane fluoroscopy motion capture to simulate gait. Bone models from conventional computed tomography and weightbearing computed tomography were compared for surface differences and kinematic analysis across six joints.

Single-pixel microscopy with optical sectioning.

Imaging with single-pixel detectors offers a valuable alternative to the conventional focal plane array strategy, especially for wavelengths where silicon-based sensor arrays exhibit lower efficiency. However, the absence of optical sectioning remains a challenge in single-pixel microscopy. In this paper, we introduce a single-pixel microscope with optical sectioning capabilities by integrating single-pixel imaging (SPI) techniques with structured illumination microscopy (SIM) methods.

Making a Splash: A Closer Look at Early Specialization in Competitive Diving.

This review article explores the multifaceted aspects of early specialization in diving, focusing on its implications for injury prevalence, performance, and mental health. It highlights the increasing trend of early specialization driven by ambitions for collegiate and Olympic success, despite recommendations advocating for diversification. Divers are at risk for acute and overuse injuries, particularly during high-velocity water entries; however, data on injury patterns, especially among elite divers and early specializers, remains scarce.

Pancreatic β-cells package double C2-like domain beta protein into extracellular vesicles via tandem C2 domains.

Introduction: Double C2-like domain beta (DOC2B) is a vesicle priming protein critical for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in β-cells. Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have lower levels of DOC2B in their residual functional β-cell mass and platelets, a phenotype also observed in a mouse model of T1D. Thus, DOC2B levels could provide important information on β-cell dys(function).

Four-dimensional Flow MRI-based Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation for Noninvasive Portosystemic Pressure Gradient Assessment in Patients with Cirrhosis and Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt.

Background Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis and recurrent symptoms of portal hypertension is primarily assessed with US and confirmed with invasive catheter venography, which can be used to measure the portosystemic pressure gradient (PSPG) to identify TIPS-refractory portal hypertension. To avoid the risks and costs of invasive catheter venography, noninvasive PSPG evaluation strategies are needed. Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility of the combination of four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for noninvasive PSPG assessment in participants with cirrhosis and TIPS.

Cluster analysis of 100 Marfan patients based on aortic 4D flow MRI and Z-score: insights into disease heterogeneity and stratification of subgroups.

Objectives: 4D flow MRI-derived variables from Marfan patients are highly heterogeneous. Our aim was to identify distinct Marfan patient subgroups based on aortic 4D flow MRI and Z-score for stratification of distinct hemodynamic profiles and clinical features by means of hierarchical cluster analysis.

Materials And Methods: One hundred Marfan patients underwent baseline aortic 4D flow MRI at 3 T.

Ankle osteoarthritis: Toward new understanding and opportunities for prevention and intervention.

The ankle infrequently develops primary osteoarthritis (OA), especially when compared to the hip and the knee. Ankle OA instead generally develops only after trauma. The consequences of end-stage ankle OA can nonetheless be extremely debilitating, with impairment comparable to that of end-stage kidney disease or congestive heart failure.

Towards multimodal graph neural networks for surgical instrument anticipation.

Purpose: Decision support systems and context-aware assistance in the operating room have emerged as the key clinical applications supporting surgeons in their daily work and are generally based on single modalities. The model- and knowledge-based integration of multimodal data as a basis for decision support systems that can dynamically adapt to the surgical workflow has not yet been established. Therefore, we propose a knowledge-enhanced method for fusing multimodal data for anticipation tasks.

Diving Into Sports Specialization: The Association of Early Specialization on Injury Rates in Youth to Young Adult Divers.

Objectives: This study explored the link between early sports specialization and injury rates in youth divers, a relationship that remains largely unexplored within diving.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Members of the USA Diving Organization and collegiate male and female divers participated in an online survey, reporting their sports involvement and injury history.

Single-pixel imaging through non-homogeneous turbid media with adaptive illumination.

The presence of scattering media limits the quality of images obtained by optical systems. Single-pixel imaging techniques based on structured illumination are highly tolerant to the presence of scattering between the object and the sensor, but very sensitive when the scattering medium is between the light source and the object. This makes it difficult to develop single-pixel imaging techniques for the case of objects immersed in scattering media.

Recommendation of minimal distal tibial length for long axis coordinate system definitions.

Accurate anatomical coordinate systems for the foot and ankle are critical for interpreting their complex biomechanics. The tibial superior-inferior axis is crucial for analyzing joint kinematics, influencing bone motion analysis during gait using CT imaging and biplane fluoroscopy. However, the lack of consensus on how to define the tibial axis has led to variability in research, hindering generalizability.

Static posture weightbearing joint angle differences in patients with varus ankle osteoarthritis.

Background: Advanced varus ankle osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease that can present with limited physical function, severe pain, and diminished quality of life. Weightbearing computed tomography enables submillimeter 3-dimensional visualization, computational analyses, and enhanced diagnoses in reporting complex degenerative changes more accurately.

Research Question: This study set to compare static posture weightbearing joint angle differences in healthy and varus ankle osteoarthritis patients (compensated and non-compensated).

Epidemiology and outcomes of pediatric cardiac arrest in a cardiovascular unit at a public hospital in Argentina.

Background: Children with congenital heart disease present a higher frequency of cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) than the general pediatric population. The epidemiology of CRA is not exactly known in our setting, nor are the mortality risk or the neurological evolution factors.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology and outcomes associated with pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a cardiovascular recovery unit.

Discrimination of benign, atypical, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1 using diffusion-weighted MRI.

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with the development of benign (BPNST) and malignant (MPNST) peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Recently described atypical neurofibromas (ANF) are considered pre-malignant precursor lesions to MPNSTs. Previous studies indicate that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) can reliably discriminate MPNSTs from BPNSTs.

Quantitative Skeletal Imaging and Image-Based Modeling in Pediatric Orthopaedics.

Purpose Of Review: Musculoskeletal imaging serves a critical role in clinical care and orthopaedic research. Image-based modeling is also gaining traction as a useful tool in understanding skeletal morphology and mechanics. However, there are fewer studies on advanced imaging and modeling in pediatric populations.

and gene expression in colorectal cancer: comprehensive profiling and clinical value.

Background: The C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)/C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) axis plays a major role in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to characterize the molecular features associated with / expression in CRC and to determine whether / levels could impact treatment outcomes.

Methods: 7604 CRCs tested with NextGen Sequencing on DNA and RNA were analyzed.

Automatic anatomical foot and ankle coordinate toolbox.

Accurate analysis of bone position and orientation in foot and ankle studies relies on anatomical coordinate systems (ACS). Reliable ACSs are necessary for many biomechanical and clinical studies, especially those including weightbearing computed tomography and biplane fluoroscopy. Existing ACS approaches suffer from limitations such as manual input, oversimplifications, or non-physiological methods.

Current Imaging Strategies in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.

Background: An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta of ≥ 3 cm. With a prevalence of 4-8 %, AAA is one of the most common vascular diseases in Western society. Radiological imaging is an elementary component in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning of AAA patients.

A SAM analogue-utilizing ribozyme for site-specific RNA alkylation in living cells.

Post-transcriptional RNA modification methods are in high demand for site-specific RNA labelling and analysis of RNA functions. In vitro-selected ribozymes are attractive tools for RNA research and have the potential to overcome some of the limitations of chemoenzymatic approaches with repurposed methyltransferases. Here we report an alkyltransferase ribozyme that uses a synthetic, stabilized S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) analogue and catalyses the transfer of a propargyl group to a specific adenosine in the target RNA.

Value of patient-reported outcome measures for evaluating the benefit of speech processor upgrading in patients with cochlear implants.

Background: Patients with a cochlear implant (CI) should be evaluated for a new speech processor every 6 years. The aim of this analysis was to assess the subjective and audiological benefit of upgrades.

Methods: Speech understanding and subjective benefit were analyzed in 99 patients with the old and the new speech processor after 4 weeks of wearing.