Simple reaction time to visual and auditory stimulation in glaucoma.

Background/objectives: Glaucoma can impact the ability to perform daily life activities such as driving. In such tasks, reaction time is critical to detect hazards. Understanding the modalities that affect response times is thus essential for clinical care.

Visual Functions in Patients With Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON).

Background: Most of the data on visual functions in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is based on patient questionnaires. Our study assessed the impact of LHON on visual function by testing facial recognition and execution of purposeful actions.

Methods: Twelve participants with LHON with central scotoma ranging from 5° to 20° and 12 unaffected age-matched controls were involved in our study.

Age Difference on the Spatial Scale of Object Categorization.

Background: As the elderly population is growing worldwide and communication is increasingly relayed by visual interfaces, identifying age-related changes in the visual perception of complex stimuli is critical. We examined the effect of spatial frequency filtering on object categorization in young (mean 25 years) and older (mean 65 years) participants.

Method: The stimuli used were low spatial frequency (LSF, cutoff 8 cpi) or high spatial frequency (HSF, cutoff 24 cpi) images of objects of various categories, and hybrid images composed of a LSF object superimposed on a HSF object from a different semantic category.

Glaucoma-associated abnormalities in cortical activity during a visuocognitive task.

Objective: To investigate neurophysiological dynamics during a visuocognitive task in glaucoma patients vs. healthy controls.

Methods: Fifteen patients with early-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and fifteen age-matched healthy participants underwent a "go/no-go" task, monitored with EEG.

Central Visual Attention in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma.

Significance: To better understand the implication of a potential cognitive change in glaucoma, patients were stimulated in central visual areas considered functionally normal to discard an effect due to the loss of vision during an attentional task. The outcome might improve the follow-up on the impact of the pathology.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of primary open-angle glaucoma on the visual attention system by recording responses of behavioral and oculomotor strategies.

How Do Women and Men Look at the Past? Large Scanpath in Women during Autobiographical Retrieval-A Preliminary Study.

While research has consistently demonstrated how autobiographical memory triggers visual exploration, prior studies did not investigate gender differences in this domain. We thus compared eye movement between women and men while performing an autobiographical retrieval task. We invited 35 women and 35 men to retrieve autobiographical memories while their gaze was monitored by an eye tracker.

Dynamics of low-pass-filtered object categories: A decoding approach to ERP recordings.

Rapid analysis of low spatial frequencies (LSFs) in the brain conveys the global shape of the object and allows for rapid expectations about the visual input. Evidence has suggested that LSF processing differs as a function of the semantic category to identify. The present study sought to specify the neural dynamics of the LSF contribution to the rapid object representation of living versus non-living objects.

Reduced peripheral vision in glaucoma and boundary extension.

Clinical Relevance: Peripheral vision is known to be critical for spatial navigation. However, visual cognition, which impacts peripheral vision, has not been studied extensively in glaucoma.

Background: Spatial memory was assessed with a known to induce a robust memory distortion called "boundary extension" in which participants erroneously remember seeing more of a scene than was present in the sensory input.

The pupil and myself: pupil dilation during retrieval of self-defining memories.

Background: There is a recent interest in pupil dilation during the retrieval of autobiographical memory. We pursued this line of research by measuring pupil diameter during the retrieval of self-defining memories, that is, memories that are highly vivid, emotionally intense, and are retrieved to reflect enduring concerns in a person's life.

Methods: We invited 40 participants to retrieve self-defining memories while their pupil activity was recorder with eye-tracking glasses.

The eyes of the past: larger pupil size for autobiographical memories retrieved from field perspective.

Background: Visual perspective during memory retrieval has mainly been evaluated with methodologies based on introspection and subjective reports. The current study investigates whether visual perspective can be evaluated with a physiological measurement: pupil dilation.

Methods: While their pupil diameter was measured with an eye-tracker, forty-five participants retrieved one memory from a field perspective (i.

Glaucoma and Computer Use: Do Contrast and Color Enhancements Improve Visual Comfort in Patients?

Purpose: To estimate the impact of glaucoma on computer use and to assess specific adaptations of the graphical interface to this form of visual impairment.

Design: Prospective, experimental cohort study.

Participants: Forty-nine participants were recruited: 16 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (mean ± SD, 62.

Magnocellular and Parvocellular Mediated Luminance Contrast Discrimination in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder.

Background: Severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) is associated with widespread cognitive impairments, including low-level visual processing deficits that persist after prolonged abstinence. However, the extent and characteristics of these visual deficits remain largely undetermined, impeding the identification of their underlying mechanisms and influence on higher-order processing. In particular, little work has been conducted to assess the integrity of the magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) visual pathways, namely the 2 main visual streams that convey information from the retina up to striate, extrastriate, and dorsal/ventral cerebral regions.

Autobiographical Memory Increases Pupil Dilation.

Background: Pupil activity has been widely considered as a "summed index" of physiological activities during cognitive processing.

Methodology: We investigated pupil dilation during retrieval of autobiographical memory and compared pupil diameter with a control condition in which participants had to count aloud. We also measured pupil diameters retrieval of free (i.

Don't stare, unless you don't want to remember: Maintaining fixation compromises autobiographical memory retrieval.

This study has developed an original approach to the relationship between eye movements and autobiographical memory, by investigating how maintained fixation could influence the characteristics of retrieved memories. We invited participants to retrieve autobiographical memories in two conditions: while fixating a cross at the centre of a screen and while freely exploring the screen. Memories retrieved during the maintained fixation condition were less detailed and contained less visual imagery than those retrieved during the free-gaze condition.

Attentional capture by incongruent object/background scenes in patients with Alzheimer disease.

Aim: Object/background association is critical to understand the context of visual scenes but also in daily life tasks like object search. Patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) exhibit impairment in scene processing at different levels: perception, recognition, memory and spatial navigation. We explored whether patients with AD make use of contextual information in congruent and incongruent target/background conditions in three different saccadic choice tasks.

What Is the Nature of the Reach and Grasp Deficit in Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration?

Significance: Vision is paramount for motor actions directed toward objects. Vision allows not only the identification of objects and their shape and spatial location, but also the adaptation of our movement when it arrives on the object. These findings show that vision deficits, as in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), can lead to reaching and grasping deficits.

Eying the future: Eye movement in past and future thinking.

We investigated eye movement during past and future thinking. Participants were invited to retrieve past events and to imagine future events while their scan path was recorded by an eye-tracker. Past thinking triggered more fixation (p < .

Eye movement during retrieval of emotional autobiographical memories.

This study assessed whether specific eye movement patterns are observed during emotional autobiographical retrieval. Participants were asked to retrieve positive, negative and neutral memories while their scan path was recorded by an eye-tracker. Results showed that positive and negative emotional memories triggered more fixations and saccades but shorter fixation duration than neutral memories.

Category-Specific Visual Recognition and Aging from the PACE Theory Perspective: Evidence for a Presemantic Deficit in Aging Object Recognition.

Unlabelled: Background/Study Context: The objective of this study was to investigate the object recognition deficit in aging. Age-related declines were examined from the presemantic account of category effects (PACE) theory perspective (Gerlach, 2009, Cognition, 111, 281-301). This view assumes that the structural similarity/dissimilarity inherent in living and nonliving objects, respectively, can account for a wide range of category-specific effects.

Impact of Peripheral Field Loss on the Execution of Natural Actions: A Study With Glaucomatous Patients and Normally Sighted People.

Purpose: We investigated the visuomotor behavior of people with reduced peripheral field due to glaucoma while they accomplished natural actions.

Methods: Twelve participants with glaucoma and 13 normally sighted controls were included. Participants were asked to accomplish a familiar sandwich-making task and a less familiar model-building task with a children's construction set while their eye movements were recorded.

Visual object categorisation in people with glaucoma.

Purpose: There is evidence that people with glaucoma exhibit difficulties with some complex visual tasks such as face recognition, motion perception and scene exploration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether glaucoma affects the ability to categorise briefly presented visual objects in central vision.

Methods: Visual categorisation performance of 14 people with glaucoma (primary open angle glaucoma and preperimetric) and 15 age-matched controls was measured, assessing both accuracy and response times.

Finding faces, animals, and vehicles in far peripheral vision.

Neuroimaging studies have shown that faces exhibit a central visual field bias, as compared to buildings and scenes. With a saccadic choice task, Crouzet, Kirchner, and Thorpe (2010) demonstrated a speed advantage for the detection of faces with stimuli located 8° from fixation. We used the same paradigm to examine whether the face advantage, relative to other categories (animals and vehicles), extends across the whole visual field (from 10° to 80° eccentricity) or whether it is limited to the central visual field.

Categorization Task over a Touch Screen in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: In our modern society, many touch screen applications require hand-eye coordination to associate an icon with its specific contextual unit on phones, on computers, or in public transport. We assessed the ability of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to explore scenes and to associate a target (animal or object) with a unique congruent scene (e.g.