Developing an initial programme theory for a model of social care in prisons and on release (empowered together): A realist synthesis approach.

Many people are living in prison with a range of social care needs, for example, requiring support with washing, eating, getting around safely, and/or maintaining relationships. However, social care for this vulnerable group is generally inadequate. There is uncertainty and confusion about who is legally responsible for this and how it can best be provided, and a lack of integration with healthcare.

The cost-effectiveness of mental health interventions amongst prison populations: a systematic review (research letter to the editor).

The link between imprisonment and adverse mental health is well established and linked to both recidivism and prison misconduct, with negative consequences for prisoners, the prison system and society. To help minimise these impacts, appropriate mental health interventions are required. However, owing to finite resources to deliver healthcare in prisons, interventions must be both clinically and cost-effective.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for children in custody: An analysis of inspection reports.

Background: Children in custodial settings are a vulnerable group. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic there were concerns about the safety of children in these settings. COVID-19 has had an impact on everyone but given the vulnerability of children in custody, there were concerns about the impact of COVID-19 restrictions.

Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation of the Thermodynamics of the Carbonation Reaction of ZIF-8 and Its Close-Packed Polymorph with Carbon Dioxide.

We report the first experimental and theoretical evaluation of the thermodynamic driving force for the reaction of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials with carbon dioxide, leading to a metal-organic carbonate phase. Carbonation upon exposure of MOFs to CO is a significant concern for the design and deployment of such materials in carbon storage technologies, and this work shows that the formation of a carbonate material from the popular SOD-topology framework material ZIF-8, as well as its dense-packed -topology polymorph, is significantly exothermic. With knowledge of the crystal structure of the starting and final phases in the carbonation reaction, we have also identified periodic density functional theory approaches that most closely reproduce the measured reaction enthalpies.

Experimental Investigation of Thermodynamic Stabilization in Boron Imidazolate Frameworks (BIFs) Synthesized by Mechanochemistry.

This study experimentally explores the energetics for the formation of boron-imidazolate frameworks (BIFs), which are synthesized by mechanochemistry. The topologically similar frameworks employ the same tetratopic linker based on tetrakis(imidazolyl)boric acid but differ in the monovalent cation metal nodes. This permits assessment of the stabilizing effect of metal nodes in frameworks with sodalite (SOD) and diamondoid () topologies.

Crystallographic and Compositional Dependence of Thermodynamic Stability of [Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)] in 2-Methylimidazole-Containing Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks.

We report the first systematic study experimentally investigating the effect of changes to the divalent metal node on the thermodynamic stability of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) based on 2-methylimidazolate linkers. In particular, the comparison of enthalpies of formation for materials based on cobalt, copper, and zinc suggests that the use of nodes with larger ionic radius metals leads to the stabilization of the porous sodalite topology with respect to the corresponding higher-density diamondoid ()-topology polymorphs. The stabilizing effect of metals is dependent on the framework topology and dimensionality.

Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health: Consensus Bundle on Sepsis in Obstetric Care.

Sepsis in obstetric care is one of the leading causes of maternal death in the United States, with Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native obstetric patients experiencing sepsis at disproportionately higher rates. State maternal mortality review committees have determined that deaths are preventable much of the time and are caused by delays in recognition, treatment, and escalation of care. The "Sepsis in Obstetric Care" patient safety bundle provides guidance for health care teams to develop coordinated, multidisciplinary care for pregnant and postpartum people by preventing infection and recognizing and treating infection early to prevent progression to sepsis.

Direct mechanocatalysis by resonant acoustic mixing (RAM).

We demonstrate the use of a metal surface to directly catalyse copper-catalysed alkyne-azide click-coupling (CuAAC) reactions under the conditions of Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM) - a recently introduced and scalable mechanochemical methodology that uniquely eliminates the need for bulk solvent, as well as milling media. By using a simple copper coil as a catalyst, this work shows that direct mechanocatalysis can occur in an impact-free environment, relying solely on high-speed mixing of reagents against a metal surface, without the need for specially designed milling containers and media. By introducing an experimental setup that enables real-time Raman spectroscopy monitoring of RAM processes, we demonstrate 0th-order reaction kinetics for several selected CuAAC reactions, supporting surface-based catalysis.

Mental health and inclusivity support and education in a UK dental school: a cross-sectional survey.

Aims To establish the current support and knowledge around mental health and equality, diversity and inclusion at a UK Dental School and make suggestions about improvements.Objectives Conduct a survey of dental undergraduate students at Newcastle Dental School to elicit responsesMethods Bachelor of Dental Surgery and Bachelor of Oral and Dental Health Science students at Newcastle University were invited to participate in this cross-sectional survey via email. Following electronic consent, an electronic questionnaire via an online form builder was distributed via email.

Using an objective computer task (QbTest) to aid the identification of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Children and Young People Secure Estate (CYPSE): a feasibility randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: QbTest has been shown to improve time to decision/diagnosis for young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim was to assess the feasibility of QbTest for young people in prison.

Design: Single-centre feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), with 1:1 allocation.

The "-sweet-spot" () in liquid-assisted mechanochemistry: polymorph control and the role of a liquid additive as either a catalyst or an inhibitor in resonant acoustic mixing (RAM).

Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) offers a simple, efficient route for mechanochemical synthesis in the absence of milling media or bulk solvents. Here, we show the use of RAM to conduct the copper-catalysed coupling of sulfonamides and carbodiimides. This coupling was previously reported to take place only by mechanochemical ball milling, while in conventional solution environments it is not efficient, or does not take place at all.

Evaluation of a complex intervention for prisoners with common mental health problems, near to and after release: the Engager randomised controlled trial.

Background: Many male prisoners have significant mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. High proportions struggle with homelessness and substance misuse.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate whether the Engager intervention improves mental health outcomes following release.

Interrogating intervention delivery and participants' emotional states to improve engagement and implementation: A realist informed multiple case study evaluation of Engager.

Background: 'Engager' is an innovative 'through-the-gate' complex care intervention for male prison-leavers with common mental health problems. In parallel to the randomised-controlled trial of Engager (Trial registration number: ISRCTN11707331), a set of process evaluation analyses were undertaken. This paper reports on the depth multiple case study analysis part of the process evaluation, exploring how a sub-sample of prison-leavers engaged and responded to the intervention offer of one-to-one support during their re-integration into the community.

Conducting Randomized Controlled Trials of Complex Interventions in Prisons: A Sisyphean Task?

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are the "gold standard" for measuring the effectiveness of an intervention. However, they have their limitations and are especially complex in prison settings. Several systematic reviews have highlighted some of the issues, including, institutional constraints e.

Metal-Catalyzed Organic Reactions by Resonant Acoustic Mixing.

We demonstrate catalytic organic synthesis by Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM): a mechanochemical methodology that does not require bulk solvent or milling media. Using as model reactions ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis and copper-catalyzed sulfonamide-isocyanate coupling, RAM mechanosynthesis is shown to be faster, operationally simpler than conventional ball-milling, while also providing the first example of a mechanochemical strategy for ruthenium-catalyzed ene-yne metathesis. Reactions by RAM are readily and directly scaled-up without any significant changes in reaction conditions, as shown by the straightforward 200-fold scaling-up of the synthesis of the antidiabetic drug Tolbutamide, from hundreds of milligrams directly to 30 grams.

Simplifying and expanding the scope of boron imidazolate framework (BIF) synthesis using mechanochemistry.

Mechanochemistry enables rapid access to boron imidazolate frameworks (BIFs), including ultralight materials based on Li and Cu(i) nodes, as well as new, previously unexplored systems based on Ag(i) nodes. Compared to solution methods, mechanochemistry is faster, provides materials with improved porosity, and replaces harsh reactants (-butylithium) with simpler and safer oxides, carbonates or hydroxides. Periodic density-functional theory (DFT) calculations on polymorphic pairs of BIFs based on Li, Cu and Ag nodes reveals that heavy-atom nodes increase the stability of the open SOD-framework relative to the non-porous dia-polymorph.

Cannabidiol for the Management of Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain.

Objective: To review the available literature on the effect of cannabis-based products on the female reproductive system and establish whether there is any evidence that they benefit or harm patients with endometriosis and, therefore, whether there is sufficient evidence to recommend them.

Data Sources: An electronic-based search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database. Reference lists of articles retrieved were reviewed, and a gray literature search was also performed.

Economic evaluation of a complex intervention (Engager) for prisoners with common mental health problems, near to and after release: a cost-utility and cost-consequences analysis.

Background: People in prison experience a range of physical and mental health problems. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of prison-based interventions presents a number of methodological challenges. We present a case study of an economic evaluation of a prison-based intervention ("Engager") to address common mental health problems.

Redefining genera of cereal pathogens: , and .

The taxonomy of and is re-evaluated, along with that of phylogenetically related genera Isolates are identified using comparisons of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (), actin (), DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest () and second largest subunit () genes, and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), combined with their morphological characteristics. is restricted to two species, and , with placed in , and accommodated in a new genus, . .

Using multiple case studies of health and justice services to inform the development of a new complex intervention for prison-leavers with common mental health problems (Engager).

Background: People in the criminal justice system have complex needs but often do not make use of services outside of prison, in many cases due to poorly joined up working between health and criminal justice services. The 'Engager' programme aimed to develop a complex collaborative care intervention for people leaving prison with common mental health problems that could support their transition into the community and facilitate joined up working between health, justice and social services. To augment our core intervention theory, we wanted to learn from innovative and forward-thinking services providing interagency support and/or treatment for people experiencing common mental health problems within the criminal justice system.