Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation embolization: how we do it.

We report our experience with an embolization technique that allows safe, controllable exclusion of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations using detachable coils, a single venous access site, coaxial catheter guidance, and 1 or 2 microcatheters. This technique is particularly useful when treating central lesions with a short feeding artery and when high flow increases the risk of coil migration and nontarget embolization. It affords precise placement and repositioning of coils prior to detachment.

Unannounced telephone interviews: A useful and positively received tool in the reinforcement of lifestyle intervention.

Objectives: Reinforcement is critical in dietary counseling, but is also time demanding. We evaluated the acceptability of frequent telephone interviews, including a 24-hour dietary recall, as a means of reinforcement after lifestyle intervention in healthy subjects at risk of diabetes. The aim of this report is to assess the following questions: Was the chosen frequency and duration of telephone reinforcement appropriate? What were the positive and negative aspects of receiving telephone interviews?

Methods: Seventy-seven nondiabetic relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes were included in a randomized controlled intervention study in which they received dietary education.

Prevention of further weight gain in overweight school children, a pilot study.

Background: Involving school nurses in weight gain prevention activities in already overweight children may be a means to address childhood obesity prevention.

Objective: To describe and evaluate a treatment method aimed for implementation in school care centres.

Methods: Twenty families (20 overweight children aged 7 years) were interviewed at baseline with standardized questionnaires, received simple dietary and lifestyle advice.

Swedish pre-school children eat too much junk food and sucrose.

Aim: To analyze dietary intake in healthy 4-year-old children.

Methods: Families from three Paediatric Health Care Centres in different socio-economic areas in Göteborg completed 7-day food records and questionnaires about socio-economy.

Results: One hundred thirty two/153 completed the study, 49% of parents were university educated.

Long-term (1- and 2-year) effects of lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes relatives.

Aims: To study the long-term (1- and 2-year) effect of a lifestyle intervention on non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients, i.e., the 1-year effect of diet versus diet and exercise in relation to a control group and the 2-year sustainability of these treatment effects.

Lifestyle modification improves risk factors in type 2 diabetes relatives.

Aims: To investigate the short-term (16 weeks) effect of lifestyle intervention on insulin sensitivity, anthropometric and metabolic variables in non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (FDR).

Methods: Seventy-seven (49 male, 28 female) FDR were allocated to one of three groups, diet (D-group; n = 25), diet and exercise (DE-group; n = 30) or control group (C-group; n = 22). Lifestyle counselling was based on current nutrition recommendations, including increased intake of fatty fish and low glycaemic index foods.

Assessment of airway caliber and bronchodilator responsiveness in subjects with spinal cord injury.

Study Objectives: Previous spirometric findings among subjects with chronic tetraplegia that reduction in FEV1 and maximal forced expiratory flow, mid-expiratory phase (FEF(25-75%)) correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine, and that many of these subjects exhibited significant bronchodilator responsiveness, suggested that baseline airway caliber was low in this population. To better evaluate airway dynamics in patients with spinal cord injury, we used body plethysmography to determine specific airway conductance (sGaw), a less effort-dependent and more reflective surrogate marker of airway caliber.

Design: Cohort study.

Attitudes and barriers to dietary advice aimed at reducing risk of type 2 diabetes in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the attitudes to and adoption of dietary advice in nondiabetic first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes and to examine barriers to adherence.

Design: One-year controlled intervention study, where treatment group (n=73) received lifestyle education. Attitudes towards dietary advice, change in dietary habits and importance of potential barriers to adherence were evaluated by questionnaires.

Bronchodilator responses to metaproterenol sulfate among subjects with spinal cord injury.

A previous study using spirometric methods demonstrated that 42% of subjects with tetraplegia experienced significant bronchodilation following inhalation of metaproterenol sulfate (MS). Comparative studies involving subjects with paraplegia were not performed and none has been performed in this population using body plethysmography, a more sensitive method used to assess airway responsiveness. Stable subjects with tetraplegia (n = 5) or paraplegia (n = 5) underwent spirometry and determination of specific airway conductance (sGaw) by body plethysmography at baseline and 30 minutes after nebulization of MS (0.

Beneficial effects of oats in the gluten-free diet of adults with special reference to nutrient status, symptoms and subjective experiences.

In several studies oats have been reported to be tolerated by coeliac patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the nutritional and symptomatic effects of including oats in the gluten-free diet, as well as the patients' subjective experiences. Twenty adult coeliac patients included large amounts of oats in their diet.

Lifestyle changes can be achieved through counseling and follow-up in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To describe two lifestyle prevention strategies tested in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes and to present the short-term effects of these strategies on nutrient intake, physical activity pattern, and body weight.

Design: In this 16-week controlled intervention trial, subjects were assigned to one of three treatment conditions: diet group (D) (n=25), diet and exercise group (DE) (n=30), or control group (C) (n=22). Subjects/setting Non-diabetic relatives of individuals with diabetes were recruited (n=77; men and women; age 25 to 55 years).

The influence of calcium and magnesium in drinking water and diet on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals living in hard and soft water areas with differences in cardiovascular mortality.

Background: The role of water hardness as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease has been widely investigated and evaluated as regards regional differences in cardiovascular disease. This study was performed to evaluate the relation between calcium and magnesium in drinking water and diet and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals living in hard and soft water areas with considerable differences in cardiovascular mortality.

Methods: A random sample of 207 individuals living in two municipalities characterised by differences in cardiovascular mortality and water hardness was invited for an examination including a questionnaire about health, social and living conditions and diet.

Sarcoidosis presenting in patients older than 50 years.

Background: Sarcoidosis occurs most often between 20 and 40 years of age, but also presents in children and older adults. Newly diagnosed sarcoidosis in older patients has received little attention. In order to characterize sarcoidosis in older patients, the clinical, radiographic and laboratory features of sarcoidosis presenting in patients aged 50 or older were compared to patients whose sarcoidosis was diagnosed at an earlier age.

Relationship of respiratory symptoms with smoking status and pulmonary function in chronic spinal cord injury.

Objective: The relationship of respiratory symptoms to pulmonary function parameters and smoking status was assessed in subjects with chronic (>1 year) spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods And Participants: As part of their annual physical examination, subjects were queried regarding respiratory symptoms and underwent pulmonary function studies. The 180 patients who successfully completed pulmonary function testing were evaluated, including 79 subjects with tetraplegia (56 nonsmokers and 23 smokers) and 101 subjects with paraplegia (78 nonsmokers and 23 smokers).

Hemoptysis: diagnosis and management.

Hemoptysis is a frightening and potentially life-threatening symptom. However, most cases can be approached effectively with conservative management. Bronchial artery embolization should be attempted when bleeding is refractory to medical therapy, and surgery may be needed in severe hemorrhage.

Pulmonary complications in cardiac transplant recipients.

Background: The incidence of pulmonary complications in heart transplant recipients has not been extensively studied. We report pulmonary complications in 159 consecutive adult orthotopic heart transplantations (OHTs) performed in 157 patients.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of medical records.

Recurrent pulmonary sarcoidosis in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.

HIV infection and sarcoidosis occur in the same age group, but there are only a few reports of the coexistence of the two disorders in the same individual. This infrequent occurrence has been attributed to the paucity of functioning CD4(+) lymphocytes required for granuloma formation in patients with HIV infection. We report two patients with a history of remote sarcoidosis who later in life contracted HIV infection and developed recurrent, progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Suppression of nocturnal fatty acid concentrations by bedtime carbohydrate supplement in type 2 diabetes: effects on insulin sensitivity, lipids, and glycemic control.

Background: Bedtime ingestion of slow-release carbohydrates leads to sustained nocturnal fatty acid suppression and improved glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective: This study assessed the effects of 2 different doses of bedtime carbohydrate supplement (BCS) on morning glycemic control and glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1c)) in type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, the effects of the high-dose BCS on insulin sensitivity and postprandial glucose and triacylglycerol concentrations were assessed.

[Oats can be included in gluten-free diet].

In the management of coeliac disease, it has been widely accepted that oats must also be excluded from the diet, along with wheat, rye and barley. The article consists in a review of published reports, and an account of our experience of including oats in the gluten-free diets of adults. Oats were found to be safe and well tolerated by adults with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis, though the risk of wheat contamination of commercial oat products remains a cause of concern.

Metachronous cancers or late recurrences after resection of stage I lung cancer.

In 2 patients with stage I lung cancer, tumors recurred at their resection lines 10 years after the original surgical resections. These cases suggest that the prognosis of late cancer occurrences after resected primary lung malignancies might be related to the interval of time between primary and subsequent cancers rather than to their categorization as recurrent or metachronous cancers.

Lipid intolerance in smokers.

Objectives: Smokers have recently been shown to be insulin resistant and to exhibit several characteristics of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). In this study, we assessed fasting and postprandial lipid levels in healthy, normolipidaemic, chronic smokers and a matched group of non-smoking individuals.

Design: A standardized mixed meal (containing 3.

[Hospital food in a Scandinavian team project].

Every meal for the hospitalized patient could be a nice break in the day and give the right amount of essential nutrients. However, studies of food consumption among patients in different Nordic hospitals indicate another reality. There are specific recommendations for food in hospital in all the nordic countries, but the practical aspects are paid less attention.

Food and nutrient intakes in Swedish diabetic children.

Food and energy intakes in diabetic children, 7-9 and 12-14 years of age, were studied by the 7-d record method. The mean duration of diabetes in the younger group was 3.0 years and in the older group 4.

Dietary habits and incidence of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Dietary intake as initially estimated in a cross-sectional study has been related to the 12-y incidence of diabetes mellitus in a prospective study of 1462 women. In addition, all 50-y-old women (n = 352) were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Because of the sampling procedure and a high participation rate the participants were representative of middle-aged women in the general population.