Electrochemical Aldehyde Oxidation at Gold Electrodes: gem-Diol, non-Hydrated Aldehyde, and Diolate as Electroactive Species.

To date the electroactive species of selective aldehyde oxidation to carboxylates at gold electrodes is usually assumed to be the diolate. It forms with high concentration only in very alkaline electrolytes, when OH binds to the carbonyl carbon atom. Accordingly, the electrochemical upgrading of biomass-derived aldehydes to carboxylates is believed to be limited to very alkaline electrolytes at many electrode materials.

Amphiphilic Zwitterionic Acrylate/Methacrylate Copolymers for Marine Fouling-Release Coatings.

Methacrylate and acrylate monomers are popular building blocks for antifouling (AF) and fouling-release (FR) coatings to counteract marine biofouling. They are used in various combinations and often combined into amphiphilic materials. This study investigated the FR properties of amphiphilic ethylene glycol dicyclopentenyl ether acrylate (DCPEA) and the corresponding methacrylate (DCPEMA) blended with 5 wt % zwitterionic carboxybetaine acrylate (CBA) and the corresponding methacrylate (CBMA).

Amphiphilic Dicyclopentenyl/Carboxybetaine-Containing Copolymers for Marine Fouling-Release Applications.

Zwitterionic materials received great attention in recent studies due to their high antifouling potential, though their application in practical coatings is still challenging. Amphiphilic polymers have been proven to be an effective method to combat fouling in the marine environment. This study reports the incorporation of small amounts of zwitterionic carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA) into hydrophobic ethylene glycol dicyclopentenyl ether acrylate (DCPEA).