Time courses of central hemodynamics during rapid changes in posture.

Changes in posture cause blood volume redistribution, affecting cardiac filling and stroke volume (SV). We hypothesized that the time courses of ventricular filling would differ between the right and left ventricle during a rapid (2 s) tilt and that changes in right ventricular filling pressure would be more swift because of the direct coupling to the systemic circulation. We further hypothesized that the transient imbalance between right and left ventricular filling pressure would influence left ventricular SV changes.

Adenosine in cold blood cardioplegia--a placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE Adenosine as an additive in blood cardioplegia is cardioprotective in animal studies, but its clinical role in myocardial protection remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of adenosine in continuous cold blood cardioplegia would enhance myocardial protection. METHODS In a prospective double-blind study comparing adenosine 400 μmol l(-1) to placebo in continuous cold blood cardioplegia, 80 patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement were randomized into four groups: antegrade cardioplegia with adenosine (n = 19), antegrade cardioplegia with placebo (n = 21), retrograde cardioplegia with adenosine (n = 21) and retrograde cardioplegia with placebo (n = 19).

High intensity deep water training can improve aerobic power in elderly women.

Deep water running with wet vest is a safe form of exercise for elderly with mobility limitations. However, it is not known to what extent their aerobic power may be improved. Therefore, the aim was to assess the effects of high intensity deep water interval training with vest in elderly women.

Older women's cardiovascular responses to deep-water running.

The aim of the study was to examine submaximal and maximal physiological responses and perceived exertion during deep-water running with a vest compared with the responses during treadmill running in healthy elderly women. Eleven healthy women 70 +/- 2 years old participated. On two different occasions they performed a graded maximal exercise test on a treadmill on land and a graded maximal exercise test in water wearing a vest.

Adipose tissue extracts plasma ammonia after sprint exercise in women and men.

This study evaluates a possible contribution of adipose tissue to the elimination of plasma ammonia (NH(3)) after high-intensity sprint exercise. In 14 healthy men and women, repeated blood samples for plasma NH(3) analyses were obtained from brachial artery and from a subcutaneous abdominal vein before and after three repeated 30-s cycle sprints separated by 20 min of recovery. Biopsies from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were obtained and analyzed for glutamine and glutamate content.

Golf: a high intensity interval activity for elderly men.

Background And Aims: The aim was to quantify the time spent at different exercise intensities for male golfers, in relation to age, while walking a "normal" 18-hole golf course.

Methods: 19 healthy male golfers (six 27 (5) years old, seven of 50 (7) and six of 75 (4) years) performed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill (maximal oxygen uptake and maximal heart rate were measured). Within one week, they played an "average" 18-hole course starting at 7:00 a.

Water exchange induced by unilateral exercise in active and inactive skeletal muscles.

Water exchange was evaluated in active (E-leg) and inactive skeletal muscles by using (1)H-magnetic resonance imaging. Six healthy subjects performed one-legged plantar flexion exercise at low and high workloads. Magnetic resonance imaging measured calf cross-sectional area (CSA), transverse relaxation time (T2), and apparent diffusion capacity (ADC) at rest and during recovery.