Contribution to the concept of polypharmacy II. Prescription and use of medicines.

The study defines the basic terminological structure associated with the concepts of prescribing and medication use in relation to polypharmacy. Correctly naming the current prescription or use of a medication by a particular patient allows for the selection of an appropriate change to minimize the medication burden. The aim remains to maintain the desired therapeutic outcomes with an improved quality of life.

Attitudes and behaviors regarding online pharmacies in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic: At the tipping point towards the new normal.

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the online purchase of goods and services in which today's e-pharmacy is now an integral part of healthcare provisions in developed countries. The aim of our research was to assess the frequency and attitudes of European consumers purchasing medications online prior to and following the pandemic in the Visegrad Group countries (V4). An online cross-sectional study was conducted between May-August 2022.

Contribution to the concept of polypharmacy I. Etymological notes and characteristics.

The contribution captures three basic concepts of the term polypharmacy. The analysis of four bibliographic databases demonstrates the importance of the correct and uniform use of terminology. It also approximates the most common numerical expression of the level of polypharmacy and the most common extended terms of polypharmacy.

Effects of subchronic exposure to Successor 600 (pethoxamid 600 g L-1) on common carp Cyprinus carpio.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of the herbicide preparation Successor 600 on biochemical and haematological indices and the histolopathological parameters of common carp after 28 day exposure. Furthermore, the hepatosomatic index and induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and biomarkers were assessed.

Design: Juvenile fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Successor(R) 600 (0.