Increased prevalence of the COVID-19 associated Neanderthal mutations in the Central European Roma population.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and subsequent COVID-19 has spread world-wide and become pandemic with about 7 million deaths reported so far. Interethnic variability of the disease has been described, but a significant part of the differences remain unexplained and may be attributable to genetic factors.

Aim: To analyse genetic factors potentially influencing COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in European Roma minority.

Quality of Life of Post-stroke Patients.

Introduction: Stroke is a disease whose consequences have a considerable impact on the quality of the patient's life. It is a widespread disease that has a disabling impact on life and, in addition to physical changes, brings about a number of psychological and cognitive processes.

Goal: The goal of the study was to identify and describe the quality of life of post-stroke patients.

General awareness of stroke in the Czech Republic.

Objective: The main goal of the study was to find out the general public's awareness of stroke, the relations between the awareness of stroke and socio-demographic factors, and awareness of stroke and experience of stroke.

Methods: The combination of a non-standardized questionnaire on the stroke prevention and a standardized questionnaire on the identification of the general health literacy (HLSQ-16) was used. The sample was chosen using a quota choice.

Increased prevalence of the CVD-associated ANRIL allele in the Roma/Gypsy population in comparison with the majority Czech population.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death around the world, with highest prevalence reported in minority Roma/Gypsy populations living in developed countries. Whether these differences are caused by unhealthy lifestyles or genetic factors remain unknown. The aim of our study was to examine the genotype frequencies of the rs10757274 polymorphism in the 9p.

Awareness of Patient Physical Handling Issues Associated with Routine Nursing Care.

Introduction: Physical handling (PH) of patients is an essential component of nursing care. It is an intervention that is troublesome for patients and strenuous for general nurses and other nursing staff. Handling techniques and mechanical aids for PH have improved through the years; however, they are not routinely used in nursing practice.

Five genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the Czech non-Roma and Czech Roma population samples.

Objectives Cytochromes P450 play a role in human drugs metabolic pathways and their genes are among the most variable in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze genotype frequencies of five common polymorphisms of cytochromes P450 in Roma/Gypsy and Czech (non-Roma) population samples with Czech origin. Methods Roma/Gypsy (n=302) and Czech subjects (n=298) were genotyped for CYP1A2 (rs762551), CYP2A6 (rs4105144), CYP2B6 (rs3745274) and CYP2D6 (rs3892097; rs1065852) polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP or Taqman assay.

Five genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the Czech non-Roma and Czech Roma population samples.

Objectives Cytochromes P450 play a role in human drugs metabolic pathways and their genes are among the most variable in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze genotype frequencies of five common polymorphisms of cytochromes P450 in Roma/Gypsy and Czech (non-Roma) population samples with Czech origin. Methods Roma/Gypsy (n=302) and Czech subjects (n=298) were genotyped for CYP1A2 (rs762551), CYP2A6 (rs4105144), CYP2B6 (rs3745274) and CYP2D6 (rs3892097; rs1065852) polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP or Taqman assay.

Different prevalence of T2DM risk alleles in Roma population in comparison with the majority Czech population.

Background: The Czech governmental study suggests up to a 25% higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Roma population than within the majority population. It is not known whether and to what extent these differences have a genetic background.

Methods: To analyze whether the frequencies of the alleles/genotypes of the FTO, TCF7L2, CDKN2A/2B, MAEA, TLE4, IGF2BP2, ARAP1, and KCNJ11 genes differ between the two major ethnic groups in the Czech Republic, we examined them in DNA samples from 302 Roma individuals and 298 Czech individuals.

[Stress within preventive cardiology].

Introduction: The mental, physical and social stress and pressure of present day influences the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Studies suggest that some psycho-social factors significantly increase the risk of CVD. But they are not paid the necessary attention.

Assessing the awareness of Czechs, age 40+, on the link between lifestyle choices and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases constitute the main cause of disability and premature death worldwide. Those diseases will continue to endanger health unless the public understands clearly and completely which risk factors contribute to the development of these diseases and what they can do to avoid these risks. This article assesses the understanding of risk factors that can lead to the development of heart and vessel diseases.

Distribution of ADH1B genotypes predisposed to enhanced alcohol consumption in the Czech Roma/Gypsy population.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse the frequencies of rs1229984 genotypes within the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1B) gene in a Gypsies/Roma population and compare them with other populations and with ethanol consumption.

Methods: We analysed the ADH1B (rs1229984; Arg47→His; c.143G>A) genotype using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in two ethnically different groups - Gypsies/Roma (N = 301) and Czechs (N = 300) where one day alcohol consumption was recorded.

Assessment of the Perceived Relationship Between Healthy Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases by the Adult Czech Population.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases constitute one of the main causes of disability and premature death. The basic pathology consists of atherosclerosis. Therefore, influencing risk factors, including nutrition, is essential for prevention.

Cultural Features Influencing Eating, Overweight, and Obesity in the Roma People of South Bohemia.

Unlabelled: This article describes the important cultural specifics that impact on treatment of overweight and obesity for the Roma people of South Bohemia.

Methods: Data on health and nutrition were collected using a semi-structured interview of 302 Roma adults (quantitative phase). A further 25 participants received in-depth interviews regarding their eating and lifestyle habits and perceptions about obesity and overweight (qualitative phase).

Qualification of Food Intake by the Roma Population in the Region of South Bohemia.

The article presents the results of a correlation study, aimed at quantifying the food intake of the Roma population in the South Bohemian Region. To achieve the goal, we applied the method of one-day dietary recall and frequency food analysis (non-standardized). The quantification was carried out by analysis in the Nutridan program.

[New ways towards the improvement of the seniors health literacy].

The elderly population is one of the vulnerable groups due to their low health literacy. Health literacy represents a way of effective ensuring, comprehension and utilization of health information to be able to make the best possible decisions in the care of one's health. The presented systematic overview study was compiled using the analysis of 38 database publications.

Frequency of adult type-associated lactase persistence LCT-13910C/T genotypes in the Czech/Slav and Czech Roma/Gypsy populations.

Lactase non-persistence (leading to primary lactose intolerance) is a genetically dependent inability to digest lactose in adulthood. As part of the human adaptation to dairying, the human lactase LCT-13910C/T mutation (which propagates adult expression of lactase) developed, spread and participated in the adaptation to dairying. This variant is associated with lactase activity persistence, and its carriers are able to digest lactose.

Selected aspects of health literacy among seniors.

Objectives: This study aimed to map the selected indicators of health literacy in the senior population via a qualitative survey that focused specifically on its relationship with autonomy in the context of health literacy among seniors.

Methods: A qualitative survey focused on the selected indicators of health literacy of seniors living in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic (R1-19). The snowball sampling method was intentionally selected.

Opinions regarding the effectiveness of non-pharmacological measures in prevention of cardiovascular disease in the Czech Republic.

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of deaths. Cardiovascular mortality is influenced by several factors that can be changed by our behaviour. The goal of this study was to survey the opinions of physicians and nurses on the topic of preventative cardiovascular risk factors.

Areas of health-education of physicians and nurses in care for cardiac patients from the perspective of citizens of the Czech Republic.

Objectives: The goal of this article was to assess the delivery of patient health-education, relative to cardiovascular disease from the perspective of physicians and nurses, as well as from the perspective of citizens living in the Czech Republic.

Methods: The article is based on data acquired from the "Intervention procedures in preventive cardiology" grant project. To evaluate patient health education, non-standardized questionnaires intended for physicians (n = 1000) and nurses (n = 1000) were used.

Approach to prevention of obesity of Roma population in the Region of South Bohemia with focus on selected eating behaviors.

Objective: To survey obesity prevention methods for use in the Roma population with a focus on eating behaviors.

Methods: A semi-structured interview was used to identify potentially useful obesity prevention methods. Basic anthropometric measurements were also gathered at the same time.

Evaluation of selected indicators of overweight and obesity of Roma minority in the region of South Bohemia.

Objectives: The objective of our correlation study was to compare selected indicators of overweight and obesity of Roma and non-Roma (majority) populations in the South Bohemia Region or the Czech Republic.

Methods: The following indicators were chosen for evaluation of overweight and obesity: body height and weight, waistline measurement, waist/height index, waist/hips index, BMI, total fat and blood pressure. 600 participants were examined and interviewed in total, including 302 Roma and 298 non-Roma participants.

Genetic and biochemical characteristics in the Roma minority in the South Bohemia Region.

Objective: At present, health characteristics of Roma minority within the Czech Republic are generally unknown. Therefore we examined a Roma population for some anthropometrical, biochemical and genetic parameters.

Design: Groups include Roma aged above 18 years (men, women), with permanent residence in the South Bohemia Region.

The importance of self-management in the prevention and treatment of excessive weight and obesity.

Objectives: The aim of this research into 'self-management' was to determine to what extent respondents were aware of their status as overweight or obese. For respondents who indicated that they were overweight or obese, the goal was to determine whether they tried to lose weight, what steps they took to control their, and what specific methods they used.

Methods: Information was collected using semi-structured interviews from May 31, 2014, to January 30, 2015.

The nurse's role in preventive care in the field of community nursing.

Objectives: According to published reports from the WHO, health care is undergoing a transformation that reflects the increasing importance of community care based on social, group, and individual needs. Community health care is provided by multidisciplinary teams, with nurses occupying irreplaceable positions. Nurse competencies constitute significant potential in the area of community based preventive care as well as the more traditional roles in treatment and recovery.