Clinical use of [F]fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine PET co-registered with MRI for localizing prolactinoma remnants.

Purpose: To assess the utility of [F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine PET co-registered with magnetic resonance imaging ([F]FET-PET/MRI) in patients with difficult-to-localize prolactinoma to inform clinical decision-making and (surgical) treatment planning.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 17 consecutive patients with prolactinoma undergoing [F]FET-PET/MRI between October 2020 and September 2022 for either (1) additional information in case of difficult-to-visualize remnants after prior transsphenoidal surgery (TSS), or pharmacological treatment, or (2) radiological diagnosis in absence of a (clear) adenoma on diagnostic/post-treatment conventional MRI.

Results: [F]FET-PET/MRI identified a lesion in 14/17 patients, yet failed to identify active lesions in 2 patients with negative conventional MRI despite prolactin > 7.

F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine PET co-registered with MRI in patients with persisting acromegaly.

Objective: To report our experience with F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine (FET) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) co-registered with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (FET-PET/MRI) in the care trajectory for persistent acromegaly.

Design: Prospective case series.

Patients: Ten patients with insufficiently controlled acromegaly referred to our team to evaluate surgical options.

Challenges in Pharmacokinetic Modelling of [F]fluoro-PEG-folate PET/CT Imaging in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients.

Purpose: To describe the pharmacokinetic properties of the [F]fluoro-polyethylene glycol(PEG)-folate radiotracer in PET/CT imaging of patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Procedures: In five patients with advanced EOC (FIGO stage IIIB/IIIC, Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique), a 90-min dynamic PET acquisition of the pelvis was performed directly after i.v.

Setting-up a training programme for intraoperative molecular imaging and sentinel node mapping: how to teach? How to learn?

Background: The current expansion of image-guided surgery is closely related to the role played by radio-guided surgery in supporting the sentinel node (SN) procedure during more than three decades. The so-called triple approach (lymphoscintigraphy, gamma probe detection and blue dye) was not only essential in the seminal validation of the SN procedure but also a first collective learning effort based on skill transfer and outcome-related evaluation which laid the fundaments to delineate the field of intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) based on a similar multimodality approach and multidisciplinary practice.

Methods: These elements are also becoming valid in the current incorporation of SPECT/CT and PET/CT to existing and new protocols of IMI procedures and SN mapping concerning other clinical applications.

Clinical impact of molecular breast imaging as adjunct diagnostic modality in evaluation of indeterminate breast abnormalities and unresolved diagnostic concerns.

Purpose: Improvements in molecular breast imaging (MBI) have increased the use of MBI as adjunct diagnostic modality and alternative to MRI. We aimed to assess the value of MBI in patients with equivocal breast lesions on conventional imaging, especially in terms of its ability to rule out malignancy.

Methods: We selected patients who underwent MBI in addition to conventional diagnostics due to equivocal breast lesions between 2012 and 2015.

Stimulation of the beta-2-adrenergic receptor with salbutamol activates human brown adipose tissue.

While brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated by the beta-3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) in rodents, in human brown adipocytes, the ADRB2 is dominantly present and responsible for noradrenergic activation. Therefore, we performed a randomized double-blinded crossover trial in young lean men to compare the effects of single intravenous bolus of the ADRB2 agonist salbutamol without and with the ADRB1/2 antagonist propranolol on glucose uptake by BAT, assessed by dynamic 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan (i.e.

Inter-observer agreement of vertebral fracture assessment with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry equipment.

Purpose: To investigate the time and effort needed to perform vertebral morphometry, as well as inter-observer agreement for identification of vertebral fractures on vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) images.

Methods: Ninety-six images were retrospectively selected, and three radiographers independently performed semi-automatic 6-point morphometry. Fractures were identified and graded using the Genant classification.

Sentinel Node Imaging and Radioguided Surgery in the Era of SPECT/CT and PET/CT: Toward New Interventional Nuclear Medicine Strategies.

We review recent technological advances and new clinical indications for sentinel node (SN) and radioguided surgery in order to delineate future tendencies of interventional nuclear medicine in this field. A literature research was performed in PubMed to select relevant articles to be used as key references for analysis of the current approaches and tendencies in SN and radioguided surgery, as well as the evolving contribution of nuclear medicine intervention techniques to the various clinical applications. For classic indications such as melanoma and breast cancer, the incorporation of the SN approach based on the combined use of existing and new preoperative and intraoperative technologies in high-risk patient categories is becoming an emerging area of clinical indication.

Twelve weeks of exenatide treatment increases [F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by brown adipose tissue without affecting oxidative resting energy expenditure in nondiabetic males.

Aims/hypothesis: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) improves energy metabolism by combusting glucose and lipids into heat. Agonism of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) within the central nervous system activates BAT in mice. Moreover, in patients with type 2 diabetes, GLP-1R agonism lowers body weight and improves glucose and lipid levels, possibly involving BAT activation.

Lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node biopsy in vulvar carcinoma: update from a European expert panel.

Purpose: This study aimed to update the clinical practice applications and technical procedures of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in vulvar cancer from European experts.

Methods: A systematic data search using PubMed/MEDLINE database was performed up to May 29, 2019. Only original studies focused on SLN biopsy in vulvar cancer, published in the English language and with a minimum of nine patients were selected.

Unexpected Lymphatic Drainage of the Treated Breast.

This case highlights the use of lymphoscintigraphy with SPECT/CT in patients with previous chest and/or axillary surgery. A 67-year-old woman with a history of left breast carcinoma treated with lumpectomy and radiotherapy, and a second lumpectomy of the ipsilateral breast for a second breast carcinoma, underwent a lymphoscintigraphy for a new left breast lesion. Planar images visualized an alternative lymphatic drainage to the contralateral axilla and to the left paravertebral area.

Effect of sitagliptin on energy metabolism and brown adipose tissue in overweight individuals with prediabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on glucose tolerance, plasma lipids, energy expenditure and metabolism of brown adipose tissue (BAT), white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle in overweight individuals with prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose).

Methods: We performed a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in 30 overweight, Europid men (age 45.9 ± 6.

The impact of using BARCIST 1.0 criteria on quantification of BAT volume and activity in three independent cohorts of adults.

Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) is commonly assessed by cold-induced F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT using several quantification criteria. Uniform criteria for data analysis became available recently (BARCIST 1.0).

Experimental validation of absolute SPECT/CT quantification for response monitoring in breast cancer.

Purpose: Recent developments in iterative image reconstruction enable absolute quantification of SPECT/CT studies by incorporating compensation for collimator-detector response, attenuation, and scatter as well as resolution recovery into the reconstruction process (Evolution; Q.Metrix package; GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK). The aim of this experimental study is to assess its quantitative accuracy for potential clinical Tc-sestamibi (MIBI)-related SPECT/CT application in neoadjuvant chemotherapy response studies in breast cancer.

The clinical impact of molecular breast imaging in women with proven invasive breast cancer scheduled for breast-conserving surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical utility of molecular breast imaging (MBI) in patients with proven invasive breast cancer scheduled for breast-conserving surgery (BCS).

Methods: Following approval by the institutional review board and written informed consent, records of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer scheduled for BCS who had undergone MBI for local staging in the period from March 2012 till December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: A total of 287 women (aged 30-88 years) were evaluated.

[Breast-specific gamma imaging in breast cancer].

Breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) is a new technique in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis of breast cancer. After intravenous injection of the radioactive substance 99mTc-sestamibi the breasts are imaged with a gamma camera. The radionuclide assimilates into intracellular mitochondria, which are present in greater numbers in breast cancer cells than in normal cells.

Supraclavicular skin temperature as a measure of 18F-FDG uptake by BAT in human subjects.

Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a novel player in energy homeostasis in humans and is considered a potential new target for combating obesity and related diseases. The current 'gold standard' for quantification of BAT volume and activity is cold-induced 18F-FDG uptake in BAT. However, use of this technique is limited by cost and radiation exposure.

Brown adipose tissue volume in healthy lean south Asian adults compared with white Caucasians: a prospective, case-controlled observational study.

Background: Individuals of south Asian origin have a very high risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with white Caucasians. We aimed to assess volume and activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is thought to have a role in energy metabolism by combusting fatty acids and glucose to produce heat and might contribute to the difference in incidence of type 2 diabetes between ethnic groups.

Methods: We enrolled Dutch nationals with south Asian ancestry and matched Caucasian participants at The Rijnland Hospital (Leiderdorp, Netherlands).

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using immune complexes for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

The serodiagnosis of tuberculosis has long been the subject of investigation, but we still lack a test with widespread clinical utility. The poor sensitivity and specificity of commercial assays precludes their use as the sole means of diagnosis. All of these assays use mycobacterial antigens adsorbed onto a surface.