Screening mammographic performance by race and age in the National Mammography Database: 29,479,665 screening mammograms from 13,181,241 women.

Purpose: There are insufficient large-scale studies comparing the performance of screening mammography in women of different races. This study aims to compare the screening performance metrics across racial and age groups in the National Mammography Database (NMD).

Methods: All screening mammograms performed between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2021, in women aged 30-100 years from 746 mammography facilities in 46 U.

Rate and Timeliness of Diagnostic Evaluation and Biopsy After Recall From Screening Mammography in the National Mammography Database.

Objective: To describe the rate and timeliness of diagnostic resolution after an abnormal screening mammogram in the ACR's National Mammography Database.

Methods: Abnormal screening mammograms (BI-RADS 0 assessment) in the National Mammography Database from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2021, were retrospectively identified. The rates and timeliness of follow-up with diagnostic evaluation and biopsy were assessed and compared across patient and facility demographics.

Outcomes From More Than 1 Million People Screened for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose CT Imaging.

Background: Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) imaging was recommended in 2013, making approximately 8 million Americans eligible for LCS. The demographic characteristics and outcomes of individuals screened in the United States have not been reported at the population level.

Research Question: What are the outcomes among people screened and entered in the American College of Radiology's Lung Cancer Screening Registry compared with those of trial participants?

Study Design And Methods: This was a cohort study of individuals undergoing baseline LDCT imaging for LCS between 2015 and 2019.

Characteristics of Persons Screened for Lung Cancer in the United States : A Cohort Study.

Background: Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) was recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in 2013, making approximately 8 million Americans eligible for screening.

Use of Screening CT Colonography by Age and Race: A Study of Potential Access Barriers Related to Medicare Noncoverage Based on Data From the ACR's National CT Colonography Registry.

Objective: The primary objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the use of screening CT colonography (CTC) examinations by age comparing individuals of Medicare-eligible age to younger cohorts and to determine if the association between use of CTC and Medicare-eligible age varies by race. Although the Affordable Care Act requires commercial insurance coverage of screening CTC, Medicare does not cover screening CTC.

Materials And Methods: Using the ACR's CTC registry, the distribution of procedures by age was evaluated using a negative binomial model with patient age (to capture overall trend), indicator of Medicare-eligible age (to capture immediate changes in trend at age 65), and their interaction (to capture gradual changes after age 65) as independent variables.

Obesity in adults with epilepsy.

Sixty-eight percent of the US adult population is overweight, and 35% is obese. The rate of obesity in patients with epilepsy is unknown. Its determination was the goal of the present study.

GSTM1, GSTT1 null variants, and GPX1 single nucleotide polymorphism are not associated with bladder cancer risk in Egypt.

Background: Bladder cancer is the most common male malignancy in Egypt, consists predominantly of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and disparities in incidence exist between men and women regardless of geographic region. Tobacco smoke exposure and Schistosoma haematobium (SH) infection and the presence of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GPX1 genotypes, as modulators of the carcinogenic effect of reactive oxidative species, were hypothesized to modify bladder cancer risk and possibly explain these gender differences.

Methods: We evaluated the association between bladder cancer risk and functional polymorphisms in the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GPX1 genes in 625 cases and 626 matched population-based controls in Egypt and assessed for potential interactions between these candidate genes and environmental exposures, such as smoking and SH infection.

Urinary estrogen metabolites and prostate cancer risk: a pilot study.

Background: The high incidence of and few identified risk factors for prostate cancer underscore the need to further evaluate markers of prostate carcinogenesis. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate urinary estrogen metabolites as a biomarker of prostate cancer risk.

Methods: Using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, urinary concentrations of 15 estrogen metabolites were determined in 77 prostate cancer cases, 77 healthy controls, and 37 subjects who had no evidence of prostate cancer after a prostate biopsy.

Viral and non-viral risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Egypt: heterogeneity by histological and immunological subtypes.

Objective: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are etiologically heterogeneous malignancies. In Egypt, we previously reported an association of increased NHL risk with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Our present aim is to assess the association between HCV infection and histological subtypes of NHL.

Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma using glycomic analysis.

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents an increasing health problem in the United States. Serum alpha-fetoprotein, the currently used clinical marker, is elevated in only approximately 60% of HCC patients; therefore, the identification of additional markers is expected to have significant public health impact. The objective of our study was to quantitatively assess N-glycans originating from serum glycoproteins as alternative markers for the detection of HCC.

Integrated peptide and glycan biomarker discovery using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Quantitative comparison of peptides and glycans in serum is conducted using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify biomarkers. A peak selection algorithm is developed to identify a panel of integrated peptide and glycan peaks to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases from high-risk population of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Candidate peptide and glycan markers selected frequently in multiple runs of the algorithm are presented.

Analysis of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry data for detection of glycan biomarkers.

We present a computational framework for analysis of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry data to enable quantitative comparison of glycans in serum. The proposed framework enables a systematic selection of glycan structures that have good generalization capability in distinguishing subjects from two pre-labeled groups. We applied the proposed method for a biomarker discovery study that involves 203 participants from Cairo, Egypt; 73 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases, 52 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), and 78 healthy individuals.

Analysis of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry data for discovery of peptide and glycan biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma.

This paper presents computational methods to analyze MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry data for quantitative comparison of peptides and glycans in serum. The methods are applied to identify candidate biomarkers in serum samples of 203 participants from Egypt; 73 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases, 52 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) consisting of cirrhosis and fibrosis cases, and 78 population controls. Two complementary sample preparation methods were applied prior to generating mass spectra: (1) low molecular weight (LMW) enrichment of each serum sample was carried out for MALDI-TOF quantification of peptides, and (2) glycans were enzymatically released from proteins in each serum sample and permethylated for MALDI-TOF quantification of glycans.

Candidate markers for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in low-molecular weight fraction of serum.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents an important public health problem in Egypt where up to 90% of HCC cases are attributable to hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Serum alpha-fetoprotein is elevated in only approximately 60% of HCC patients. The development of effective markers for the detection of HCC could have an impact on cancer mortality and significant public health implications worldwide.

Analysis of mass spectral serum profiles for biomarker selection.

Motivation: Mass spectrometric profiles of peptides and proteins obtained by current technologies are characterized by complex spectra, high dimensionality and substantial noise. These characteristics generate challenges in the discovery of proteins and protein-profiles that distinguish disease states, e.g.