Waterborne diseases and ethnic-related disparities: A 10 years nationwide mortality and burden of disease analysis from Ecuador.

Background: Despite worldwide progress in terms of clean water supply, sanitation, and hygiene knowledge, some middle and most of low-income countries are still experiencing many diseases transmitted using unsafe water and the lack of sanitation.

Methods: To understand the impact of all waterborne diseases (WBD) registered in Ecuador. We performed a population-based analysis of all cases and deaths due to WBD in Ecuador based on the national public databases of hospital discharges as a proxy of incidence, in-hospital mortality, and countrywide general mortality rates from 2011 to 2020.

Neuroendoscopic septostomy in unilateral and bilateral ventricular hydrocephalus.

Purpose: This study describes the results of septostomy (SPT) in terms of success and analysis of follow-up in a series of pediatric patients diagnosed with unilateral ventricular hydrocephalus (UHV) and biventricular hydrocephalus (BVH).

Methods: A total of 29 pediatric patients diagnosed with UVH or BVH were included in this study. In UVH, a neuroendoscopic SPT was performed (sometimes accompanied by NEFPFMO).

High-altitude is associated with better short-term survival in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.

Background: Multiple studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between chronic hypoxia and SARS-CoV-2 infection. It seems that high-altitude is associated with lower COVID-19 related mortality and incidence rates; nevertheless, all the data came from observational studies, being this the first one looking into prospectively collected clinical data from severely ill patients residing at two significantly different altitudes.

Methods: A prospective cohort, a two-center study among COVID-19 confirmed adult patients admitted to a low (sea level) and high-altitude (2,850 m) ICU unit in Ecuador was conducted.

A comparative analysis of lung function and spirometry parameters in genotype-controlled natives living at low and high altitude.

Background: The reference values for lung function are associated to anatomical and lung morphology parameters, but anthropometry it is not the only influencing factor: altitude and genetics are two important agents affecting respiratory physiology. Altitude and its influence on respiratory function has been studied independently of genetics, considering early and long-term acclimatization.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate lung function through a spirometry study in autochthonous Kichwas permanently living at low and high-altitude.

Genotyped indigenous Kiwcha adults at high altitude are lighter and shorter than their low altitude counterparts.

Background: Anthropometric measures have been classically used to understand the impact of environmental factors on the living conditions of individuals and populations. Most reference studies on development and growth in which anthropometric measures were used were carried out in populations that are located at sea level, but there are few studies carried out in high altitude populations.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric and body composition in autochthonous Kiwcha permanently living at low and high altitudes.

Stroke-Related Mortality at Different Altitudes: A 17-Year Nationwide Population-Based Analysis From Ecuador.

Worldwide, more than 5.7% of the population reside above 1,500 m of elevation. It has been hypothesized that acute short-term hypoxia exposure could increase the risk of developing a stroke.

Snake antivenom production in Ecuador: Poor implementation, and an unplanned cessation leads to a call for a renaissance.

Snakebite envenomation is a global health problem. This health problem asymmetrically affects rural populations in developing countries to such an extent that it recently has been listed as a priority neglected tropical disease (NTD). It is estimated that 5.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Survey toward Skin Cancer among Ecuadorian Population.

Background: Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers, and melanoma is a highly preventable cancer. In Ecuador, few studies have evaluated the awareness levels of the population about the disease. For this reason, the objective of this study was to measure the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding skin cancer and its determining factors.

15q Duplication Syndrome: Report on the First Patient from Ecuador with an Unusual Clinical Presentation.

Background: The 15q11.1-13.1 duplication, also known as Dup15q syndrome, is a rare congenital disease affecting 1 in 30,000 to 1 in 60,000 children worldwide.

Statistical data driven approach of COVID-19 in Ecuador: and estimation via new method.

The growth of COVID-19 pandemic throughout more than 213 countries around the world have put a lot of pressures on governments and health services to try to stop the rapid expansion of the pandemic. During 2009, H1N1 Influenza pandemic, statistical and mathematical methods were used to track how the virus spreads around countries. Most of these models that were developed at the beginning of the XXI century are based on the classical susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model developed almost a hundred years ago.

Epidemiological, socio-demographic and clinical features of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ecuador.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly around the globe. Nevertheless, there is limited information describing the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Latin America. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 9,468 confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Ecuador.

Potential research ethics violations against an indigenous tribe in Ecuador: a mixed methods approach.

Background: Biomedical and ethnographic studies among indigenous people are common practice in health and geographical research. Prior health research misconduct has been documented, particularly when obtaining genetic material. The objective of this study was to crossmatch previously published data with the perceptions of the Waorani peoples about the trading of their genetic material and other biological samples.

Behavioral and sociodemographic predictors of anxiety and depression in patients under epidemiological surveillance for COVID-19 in Ecuador.

Ecuador has been one of the most affected countries by the Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, by April 2020 this country presented the highest rates of mortality in Latin America. The purpose of the present study was to identify behaviors during confinement and sociodemographic variables associated with the mental health status of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients who were part of the epidemiological surveillance program in Ecuador that included mandatory confinement and self-isolation. A cross-sectional study was performed from March 22th to April 18th, 2020 using an online survey.

Clinical, molecular, and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review.

Coronaviruses are an extensive family of viruses that can cause disease in both animals and humans. The current classification of coronaviruses recognizes 39 species in 27 subgenera that belong to the family Coronaviridae. From those, at least 7 coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections in humans.

Clinical, genetic and microbiological characterization of pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis in a public Hospital in Ecuador.

Background: To carry out a complete clinical, pathological, genetic and microbiological characterization of pediatric patients with molecular confirmed cystic fibrosis (CF) attending the Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital (HCAM) within the study period.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the pediatric population with a confirmed diagnosis of CF disease who attended HCAM, one of the largest tertiary-level hospitals in Ecuador, between 2017 and 2018 was performed. All demographic, clinical and genetic variables were obtained from the electronic medical records (EMR) stored by the hospital.

A Nationwide Study of Incidence and Mortality Due to Traumatic Brain Injury in Ecuador (2004-2016).

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health problem worldwide. Information regarding TBI from low- and middle-income countries is scarce. The objectives of this study are to determine the incidence, mortality and geodemographic distribution of TBI in Ecuador.

Drug prices and trends before and after requesting compulsory licenses: the Ecuadorian experience.

: The Ecuadorian Institute of Intellectual Property (IEPI) granted several compulsory licenses between 2011 and 2017. In 2009, the President of Ecuador signed a decree that was intended to facilitate the request of compulsory licenses (CL) in the country, not only for Enfarma EP but for any privately owned local company in order to produce more accessible medicines. : The national and international regulatory framework of pharmaceutical patents and the local applicability of CL in Ecuador.

Attitudes and perceptions of medical doctors towards the local health system: a questionnaire survey in Ecuador.

Background: Health systems worldwide rely on health professionals to deliver services and provide framework structures. Considering their opinions about their work environment, the public policies that regulate their work and the deficiencies of the health care system are key aspects of the governance within the system. The aim of this study was to assess the perceptions of Ecuadorian physicians about several aspects of the performance of the health delivery and monitoring systems locally.

Thyroid Cancer in Ecuador, a 16 years population-based analysis (2001-2016).

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine neoplasia worldwide. Information from Andean countries is scarce. In Ecuador there is no reports available of the epidemiology of this type of cancer.