GABA Supplementation, Increased Heart-Rate Variability, Emotional Response, Sleep Efficiency and Reduced Depression in Sedentary Overweight Women Undergoing Physical Exercise: Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) serves as a pivotal neurotransmitter implicated in the pathogenesis of stress, anxiety, sleep-related disorders, and heart rate (HR) reactions. Heart-rate variability (HRV), modulated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), offers insights into cardiac autonomic control and cardiovascular well-being. The present study aimed to explore the impact of GABA supplementation on emotional metrics, sleep quality, and HRV in sedentary women with overweight or obesity partaking in physical exercise.

Six months of resistance training improves heart rate variability in the elderly.

Heart rate variability is a non-invasive method of assessing global health through the analysis of the autonomous centralnervous system, including both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training on heart rate variability at rest in elderly individuals undergoing six months of resistance training with progressive loads. Training reduced the body fat percentage of the volunteers (pre: 39.

12 weeks of resistance training with progressive intensity improves the diagnostic parameters of sarcopenia in individuals of advanced age.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) with progressive intensity on factors associated with sarcopenia in older individuals.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 74 participants (64.27 ± 7.

Progressive strength training can reverse sarcopenia stage in middle-aged and older adults regardless of their genetic profile.

The aim of this study was to verify the association of the ACTN3-R577X polymorphism with sarcopenia stage, according to the Revised European Consensus on the Definition and Diagnosis of Sarcopenia, in middle-aged and older adults, pre- and post- ST. In the 12-week longitudinal study, 71 middle-aged and older adults were evaluated; the participants were assigned to either control or intervention group. The intervention group underwent progressive ST three times a week.

Effects of oral HPΒCD-angiotensin-(1-7) supplementation on recreational mountain bike athletes: a crossover study.

Background: Supplementation with Angiotensin-(1-7) [(Ang-1-7)] has received considerable attention due to its possible ergogenic effects on physical performance. The effects of a single dose of Ang-(1-7) on the performance of mountain bike (MTB) athletes during progressive load tests performed until the onset of voluntary fatigue have previously been demonstrated. This study tested the effects of Ang-(1-7) in two different exercise protocols with different metabolic demands: aerobic (time trial) and anaerobic (repeated sprint).

Influence of Alpha-Actinin-3 R577X Polymorphism on Muscle Damage and the Inflammatory Response after an Acute Strength Training Session.

The objective of this study was to verify the influence of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism on muscle damage and the inflammatory response after an acute strength training (ST) session. Twenty-seven healthy male individuals (age: 25 ± 4.3 years) participated in the study, including 18 RR/RX and 9 XX individuals.

Effects of Aquatic Exercise in Post-exercise Hypotension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) can be an important non-pharmacological strategy in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Both aerobic and resistance exercises produce PEH, but it is not clear if the exercise environment can lead to a higher PEH.

Objective: This meta-analysis investigated whether a session of aquatic exercise (AE) induces PEH in comparison with control conditions such as land exercise (LE) or rest in hypertensive subjects.

Baseline Diet Quality Is Related to Changes in the Body Composition and Inflammatory Markers: An Intervention Study Based on Resistance Training and Nutritional Advice.

Habitual food intake and physical activity can affect chronic low-grade inflammation, which is common in the elderly, because of changes in the immune system and body composition. Thus, the present study proposes an evaluation of the influence of past eating habits on the effects of an intervention of resistance training plus dietary advice on the inflammatory profile of the elderly. We conducted an intervention study with 40 elderly people.

Aerobic exercise training prevents impairment in renal parameters and in body composition of rats fed a high sucrose diet.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of swimming training (T) on the renal system and body composition parameters in young animals treated with a high sucrose diet (SUD) during 12 weeks.

Results: The SUD impaired the physical performance, increased the body adiposity index (BAI), Lee index (LI) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RAT) weight, plasma creatinine and number renal cells nuclei, decreased urinary volume and urinary creatinine excretion besides creatinine clearance. The T reversed the increased the BAI, LI, RAT weight, plasma and urinary creatinine, creatinine clearance and number renal cells nuclei in addition to promoting decrease in urinary protein excretion.

Oral administration of angiotensin-(1-7) decreases muscle damage and prevents the fibrosis in rats after eccentric exercise.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Eccentric contraction exercises cause damage to muscle fibres and induce inflammatory responses. The exacerbation of this process can induce deposition of fibrous connective tissue, leading to decreased muscle function. The aim of this study was to examine the role of angiotensin-(1-7) in this context.

Angiotensin-(1-7) oral formulation improves physical performance in mountain bike athletes: a double-blinded crossover study.

Background: The ECA2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis is shown to be involved in effects mediated by physical exercise, as it can induce the release of nitric oxide (ON) and bradykinin (BK), which are potent vasodilators. The vasodilating action the NO/BK can contribute to increased metabolic efficiency in muscle tissue and central nervous system. The formulation HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) through its mechanisms of action can be a promising supplement to aid in the maintenance and improvement of performance and may also favor recovery during competitions.

Effects of physical exercise combined with captopril or losartan on left ventricular hypertrophy of hypertensive rats.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an endpoint of hypertensive cardiac alterations. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers are among the most effective on LVH regression. Physical exercise combined to antihypertensive drug contributes to arterial pressure (AP) control and LVH prevention.

Sucrose-Sweetened Drinks Reduce the Physical Performance and Increase the Cardiovascular Risk in Physically Active Males.

Introduction: The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has increased rapidly, but the effects of this habit on health and physical performance are unknown. This study assessed the effect of excessive SSB intake on biochemical, physical performance, and biochemical and cardiovascular parameters of physically active males.

Methods: Seventeen volunteers consumed a placebo drink (Pd; carbohydrate free) and an excessive SSB drink (eSSBd = Pd plus 300 g sucrose).

Polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE-I/D) differentiates the aerobic and speed performance of football players.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of ACE-I/D polymorphisms on Brazilian football players performance in aerobic capacity, strength and speed tests.

Methods: The participants in this study were 212 Brazilian first division male football players genotyped in DD, ID or II. Genotyping of DNA from leucocytes was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods.

Swimming training improves cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions and prevents renal damage in rats fed a high-sodium diet from weaning.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? How does swimming exercise training impact hydro-electrolytic balance, renal function, sympathetic contribution to resting blood pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [Na ] in rats fed a high-sodium diet from weaning? What is the main finding and its importance? An exercise-dependent reduction in blood pressure was associated with decreased CSF [Na ], sympathetically driven vasomotor tonus and renal fibrosis indicating that the anti-hypertensive effects of swimming training in rats fed a high-sodium diet might involve neurogenic mechanisms regulated by sodium levels in the CSF rather than changes in blood volume.

Abstract: High sodium intake is an important factor associated with hypertension. High-sodium intake with exercise training can modify homeostatic hydro-electrolytic balance, but the effects of this association are mostly unknown.

Resistance Training Associated with Dietetic Advice Reduces Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Elderly.

Aging is a biological process during which chronic low-grade inflammation is present due to changes in the immune system of the elderly. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of resistance training associated with dietary advice on chronic inflammation in the elderly. We conducted a prospective intervention study in which we evaluated anthropometric parameters and inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-8, CCL-2, and leptin) in 40 elderly people before and after long-term progressive resistance training (19 weeks) associated with dietary advice.

Fitness is improved by adjustments in muscle intracellular signaling in rats with renovascular hypertension 2K1C undergoing voluntary physical exercise.

Aim: To evaluate physical fitness and cardiovascular effects in rats with renovascular hypertension, two kidneys, one clip (2K1C) submitted to voluntary exercise (ExV).

Main Methods: 24 h after surgery (SHAM and 2K1C) rats were submitted to ExV for one week (adaptation). ExV adherent rats were separated into exercise (2K1C-EX and SHAM-EX) or sedentary (2K1C-SED and SHAM-SED) groups.

Acute volume expansion decreased baroreflex response after swimming but not after running exercise training in hypertensive rats.

Physical training (ET) is important to restore the reflex sensitivity involved in controlling blood pressure in various diseases. Recent investigations have demonstrated an interaction between cardiopulmonary baroreceptors and arterial baroreflex during dynamic exercise. Considering that acute and chronic hemodynamic responses to swimming (SW) are different from the race (RUN), the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of SW and RUN on baroreflex response before and after acute volume expansion in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Lifetime overproduction of circulating angiotensin-(1-7) in rats attenuates the increase in skeletal muscle damage biomarkers after exhaustive exercise.

Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-[1-7]) can modulate glucose metabolism and protect against muscular damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of lifetime increase of circulating levels of Ang-(1-7) at exhaustive swimming exercise (ESE). Sprague-Dawley (SD) and transgenic rats TGR(A1-7)3292 (TR) which overproduce Ang-(1-7) (2.

The effects of aquatic and land exercise on resting blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension response in elderly hypertensives.

Objective: This study compared resting blood pressure (BP) using ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) responses in two groups of subjects trained in land exercise (LE) and aquatic exercise (AE), and assessed post-exercise hypotension (PEH) using ABPM, after land- and aquatic-based exercises.

Methods: ABPM (24 hours) was used to measure the baseline BP in elderly hypertensive women trained in LE and AE and the PEH induced by exercise. For this, 40 subjects were evaluated at rest and after a land- or aquatic-based exercise session (aerobic: 75% of reserve heart rate combined with resistance exercise).

Evidence for a Role of ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism in Football Player's Career Progression.

The aim was to investigate a possible role of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in a Brazilian football player's career progression. 2 questions were formulated: 1. Does ACTN3 polymorphism affect the probability of an individual being a professional football player? 2.

Eccentric Overload Muscle Damage is Attenuated By a Novel Angiotensin- (1-7) Treatment.

The development of new strategies to attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage may be helpful for training regimens. The aim of this study was to determine whether a oral formulation of angiotensin Ang-(1-7)[HPβCD/Ang-(1-7)] is effective to reduce pain, and muscle damage markers after eccentric-overload exercise. HPβCD (Placebo) and HPβCD/Ang-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7) group were treated for 7 days (one capsule/day).

Alpha-Actinin-3 R577X Polymorphism Influences Muscle Damage and Hormonal Responses After a Soccer Game.

Coelho, DB, Pimenta, EM, Rosse, IC, Veneroso, C, Pussieldi, GDA, Becker, LK, De Oliveira, EC, Carvalho, MRS, and Silami-Garcia, E. Alpha-actinin-3 R577X polymorphism influences muscle damage and hormonal responses after a soccer game. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2655-2664, 2019-The purpose of this study was to evaluate indicators of muscle damage and hormonal responses after soccer matches and its relation to alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene expression (XX vs.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-I/D) polymorphism frequency in Brazilian soccer players.

This study aimed to analyze the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-I/D) allelic and genotypic frequencies in Brazilian soccer players of different ages. The study group comprised 353 players from first-division clubs in the under (U)-14, U-15, U-17, U-20, and professional categories. The allelic and genotypic frequencies did not differ significantly in any of the categories between the group of players and the control group.

The alpha-actinin-3 r577x polymorphism and physical performance in soccer players.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ACTN3 genotype (RR, RX, and XX) and physical performance of 138 adult, professional, U-20 and U-17 years Brazilian first-division soccer players.

Methods: The following three parameters were investigated: first, speed, using a 30-meter sprint test with speed measured at 10 meters, 20 meters, and 30 meters; second, muscular strength, using counter-movement-jump and squat jump tests; and third, aerobic endurance using the Yo-Yo endurance test. The athletes were ranked in ascending order according to their performance in each test.