Methodological proposal for the redistribution of deaths due to garbage codes in mortality estimates for Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases.

Objective: To propose a method for improving mortality estimates from noncommunicable diseases (NCD), including the redistribution of garbage codes in Brazilian municipalities.

Methods: Brazilian Mortality Information System (MIS) was used as a data source to estimate age standardized mortality rates, before and after correction, for NCD (cardiovascular, chronic respiratory, diabetes, and neoplasms). The treatment for the correction of data addressed missing data, under-registration, and redistribution of garbage codes (GCs).

Mortality due to garbage codes in Brazilian municipalities: differences in rate estimates by the direct and Bayesian methods from 2015 to 2017.

Objective: To generate estimates of mortality rates due to garbage codes (GC) for Brazilian municipalities by comparing the direct and the Bayesian methods, based on deaths registered in the Mortality Information System (SIM) between 2015 and 2017.

Methods: Data from the SIM were used. The analysis was performed in groups of GC levels 1 and 2, levels 3 and 4, and total GC.

Changes in the quality of cause-of-death statistics in Brazil: garbage codes among registered deaths in 1996-2016.

Background: Registered causes in vital statistics classified as garbage codes (GC) are considered indicators of quality of cause-of-death data. Our aim was to describe temporal changes in this quality in Brazil, and the leading GCs according to levels assembled for the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. We also assessed socioeconomic differences in the burden of different levels of GCs at a regional level.

The importance of surveillance in cases of and mortality from the COVID-19 epidemic in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2020.

Objectives: This study aims to describe the actions carried out by the epidemiological surveillance system in Belo Horizonte to address the COVID-19 epidemic and the timeless of the data for detecting transmission in 2020.

Methods: The sources of information used by the epidemiological surveillance of the municipality for COVID-19 were identified and the temporal distribution and interval for detection of confirmed cases of the disease were analyzed.

Results: The city's epidemiological surveillance uses outpatient, hospital, public and private laboratory notifications as data sources.

Change in the profile of causes of death after investigation of hospital deaths in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2017.

Introduction: Deaths certified with ill-defined causes or garbage codes (GC) compromise the analysis of mortality and its use for planning and evaluation of public health policies. The hospital investigation of these causes is one of the strategies qualifying the profile of mortality in the country.

Objective: To evaluate the change in the hospital mortality profile after investigation of deaths certified with GC in 2017 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Data for health: impact on improving the quality of cause-of-death information in Brazil.

Introduction: Knowing the number of deaths and their causes is relevant information for public health managers. However, the cause of death is often classified with codes that are not useful for mortality analysis, called garbage codes (GC).

Objective: To describe and evaluate the impact of investigation of the underlying cause of poorly classified deaths on death certificates in 2017.

Quality of cause-of-death data in Brazil: Garbage codes among registered deaths in 2000 and 2015.

Introduction: reliability of mortality data is essential for health assessment and planning. In Brazil, a high proportion of deaths is attributed to causes that should not be considered as underlying causes of deaths, named garbage codes (GC). To tackle this issue, in 2005, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) implements the investigation of GC-R codes (codes from chapter 18 "Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified, ICD-10") to improve the quality of cause-of-death data.

Evaluation of a smartphone application to improve medical certification of the cause of death.

Introduction: A smartphone application named AtestaDO was developed to support physicians with medical certification of the cause of death. The objective of this study is to evaluate the acceptability of the app.

Methods: Physicians were invited to attend meetings on the proper certification of cause of death, and to evaluate the application in a national workshop in Natal (first stage) and in two large hospitals in Belo Horizonte (second and third stages).

Profile of deaths from unspecified stroke after investigation of garbage codes in 60 cities in Brazil, 2017.

Introduction: Unspecified stroke (UnST) is of great importance in mortality statistics, as it is the fourth leading cause of death in Brazil. The objective of this study was to identify the profile of reclassified causes of death after investigation of deaths caused by UnST in Brazil.

Methods: All deaths registered as UnST in 2017 in the Mortality Information System (SIM) were considered as garbage codes.

Deaths from sepsis: underlying causes of death after investigation in 60 Brazilian municipalities in 2017.

Introduction: Sepsis represents the occurrence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by the initial infection of an organ or system. When sepsis is certified as the cause of death, the first diagnosis is lost, leading to inaccurate information as to its origin.

Objective: To analyze the underlying causes of death from sepsis after investigation in 60 Brazilian municipalities in 2017.

Improvement of the unspecified external causes classification based on the investigation of death in Brazil in 2017.

Background: Unspecified causes of death are among the traditional indicators of quality of information.

Objective: To verify the performance of the 60 cities in the Data for Health Initiative project and to analyze the reclassification of unspecified external causes of death (UEC).

Methods: Using the 2017 records from the Mortality Information System, the proportion and percent change in UEC were compared after investigation between project cities and other cities, and the percent of reclassification to specific external causes was calculated.

Improving the usefulness of mortality data: reclassification of ill-defined causes based on medical records and home interviews in Brazil.

Introduction: Brazil presented a high proportion of ill-defined causes of death (IDCD) in 2000, compromising accurate cause-of-death analysis.

Objective: To analyze specific underlying causes for deaths originally assigned as IDCD in the Mortality Information System (SIM - Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade), after investigation activities implemented in country between 2006 and 2017.

Method: For all IDCD identified in the SIM, municipal health professionals collected information about the final disease obtained from hospital records, autopsies, forms of family health teams, and home investigation.

Risk factors related to the global burden of disease in Brazil and its Federated Units, 2015.

Objective:: To analyze the global burden of disease related to disability adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to selected risk factors in Brazil and its 27 Federated Units.

Methods:: Databases from the Global Burden of Disease study in Brazil and its Federated Units were used, estimating the summary exposure value (SEV) for selected environmental, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors (RFs), and their combinations. The DALYs were used as the main metric.

Variations and particularities in cardiovascular disease mortality in Brazil and Brazilian states in 1990 and 2015: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease.

Objective:: To analyze variations and particularities in mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Brazil and in Brazilian states, in 1990 and 2015.

Methods:: We used data compiled from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015, obtained from the database of the Mortality Information System (SIM) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Correction of the sub-registry of deaths and reclassification of the garbage codes were performed using specific algorithms.

The burden of diabetes and hyperglycemia in Brazil and its states: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

Introduction And Objective:: The global burden of disease (GBD) 2015 project, extends GBD analyses to include Brazilian federative units separately. We take advantage of GBD methodological advances to describe the current burden of diabetes and hyperglycemia in Brazil.

Methods:: Using standard GBD 2015 methods, we analyzed the burden of diabetes, chronic kidney disease due to diabetes and high fasting plasma glucose in Brazil and its states.

Quality of mortality statistics' information: garbage codes as causesof death in Belo Horizonte, 2011-2013.

Objective:: To assess the quality of mortality information by analyzing the frequency of garbage codes (GC) registered as underlying cause-of-death in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Methods:: Data of deaths of residents from 2011 to 2013 were selected. GC causes were classified as proposed by the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2015.

Inequities in intraurban areas in the distribution of risk factors for non communicable diseases, Belo Horizonte, 2010.

Objective: In order to identify intraurban differentials, the prevalence of major protection and risk factors for non communicable chronic diseases were analyzed in nine health districts of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Methods: Analysis of data from a telephone survey conducted with 2,000 adults in Belo Horizonte, in 2010, using the average linkage method for cluster analysis among the health districts, using sociodemographic variables (education, race and marital status). The study compared the prevalence of risk factors for non communicable diseases among the health districts.

[Use of the printed press for qualification of external causes of death].

Objective: To supplement the information on the underlying cause of death due to external causes through using news carried in newspapers.

Methods: This study investigated 153 deaths due to external causes among people living in Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil, in 2008. A database named "press" was constructed using information from large-circulation national and state-level newspapers, and this was correlated with the database of the Brazilian mortality information system.

[Mortality of malnourished elderly in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: a multidimensional analysis focusing on multiple causes of death].

This study aimed to identify the mortality profiles of elderly individuals with malnutrition, based on associations between multiple causes of death and other variables recorded on the death certificate. We studied the deaths of elderly (> 60 years) living in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with malnutrition recorded as one of the causes. Data were used from the mortality information system.

[Socioeconomic inequalities and premature mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in Brazil].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between some indicators of socioeconomic status and adult mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in Brazil.

Methods: Adult deaths (aged between 35 and 64 years) due to cardiovascular diseases and subgroups of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular-hypertensive diseases were assessed during the period from 1999 to 2001. Data was obtained from the National Mortality Information System.

[Multiple causes of death due to non-communicable diseases: a multidimensional analysis].

This study approaches multiple causes of death to analyze the associations between causes of death from non-communicable diseases, age, and gender in 3,106 death certificates issued in 1998, comprising individuals who were 20 years old or over and resided in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The multiple cause of death approach, by considering all the diagnoses mentioned in the death certificate, highlights conditions that are underestimated by the underlying-cause approach that has traditionally been used in mortality statistics. Association of causes of death was analyzed using the multidimensional data analysis method with the multiple correspondence factor analysis technique.