Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis.

Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals.

Caregiver resilience following traumatic brain injury: Findings at six months postinjury.

Purpose/objective: Examine contributors to resilience among caregivers of individuals who have sustained a moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), with the goal of identifying important targets for an intervention to improve caregiver resilience as well as outcomes for people with TBI.

Research Method/design: Participants were adult caregivers ( = 176) and individuals with TBI who required inpatient rehabilitation at six TBI Model System sites. Measures included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, Family Needs Questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.

Multisite randomized feasibility study of Problem-Solving Training for care partners of adults with traumatic brain injury during inpatient rehabilitation.

Background: Problem-Solving Training (PST) during inpatient rehabilitation could provide care partners the skills needed to manage their life roles after discharge.

Objective: Determine the feasibility of PST+ Education versus Education for care partners of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods: We conducted a multisite randomized feasibility trial across three sites.

Caregiver Characteristics of Adults with Acute Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States and Latin America.

Objectives: To compare characteristics of caregivers of adults with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the U.S. and Latin America (Mexico and Colombia).

Emotional processing intervention (EMOPRINT): A blinded randomized control trial to treat facial affect recognition deficits in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Facial affect recognition deficits have been noted in persons with MS, however there is no treatment for these impairments. We investigated the efficacy of the Emotional Processing Intervention (EMOPRINT), a 12-session behavioral intervention teaching facial affect recognition skills and mimicry to improve facial affect recognition abilities in persons with MS.

Methods: This double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with two time points (pre-treatment; post-treatment) included 36 participants with clinically definite MS, 21 in the treatment group and 15 in the placebo control group.

Examining the Use of a Rest-Activity Ratio in a Pediatric Rehabilitation Setting.

Objective: To examine the relationship between an estimate of sleep-wake regulation derived from actigraphy and determine whether it would be sensitive to neurocognitive dysfunction associated with acquired brain injury (ABI) in a pediatric rehabilitation sample.

Design: Cross-sectional design.

Setting: Inpatient pediatric rehabilitation facility.

Independent contributions of social cognition and depression to functional status after moderate or severe traumatic brain injury.

Impairments in cognitive processing related to social understanding and communication (i.e., "social cognition") are well documented after moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can contribute to negative functional outcome.

Changes in Activity Participation After Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) results in impairments in cognitive and motor skills, which may reduce the level of activity participation in people with MS. This study compares past and current levels of activity participation in adults with MS and controls. The relationship between retained activity participation (since diagnosis) and cognitive, motor, functional status, and depression symptoms of persons with MS was examined.

The Relationship Between Social Communication and Social Functioning in Pediatric TBI: A Pilot Study.

Social communication presents a significant difficulty for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although several measures are used to examine social communication, there is no gold-standard assessment tool. The present pilot study examined the ability of the Social Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) to detect social communication difficulties in pediatric TBI.

Default Mode Network Connectivity Predicts Emotion Recognition and Social Integration After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may result in difficulty with emotion recognition, which has negative implications for social functioning. As aspects of social cognition have been linked to resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in the default mode network (DMN), we sought to determine whether DMN connectivity strength predicts emotion recognition and level of social integration in TBI. To this end, we examined emotion recognition ability of 21 individuals with TBI and 27 healthy controls in relation to RSFC between DMN regions.

Postdecisional Processing Delays in Metacognitive Monitoring After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To document the process by which metacognitive judgments ("online" monitoring of one's own cognitive performance during task completion) are made after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Participants: Sixteen community-dwelling adults with moderate to severe TBI and 16 matched healthy controls.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional design.

Community Integration in Traumatic Brain Injury: The Contributing Factor of Affect Recognition Deficits.

Objective: Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) can experience social isolation, which is damaging to well-being and counterproductive to successful rehabilitation. It has been proposed that social cognitive deficits that commonly result from TBI may contribute to weakened social integration. However, the consequences of specific social cognitive deficits in TBI are still being delineated.

Relationship between social cognition and fatigue, depressive symptoms, and anxiety in multiple sclerosis.

Emerging research indicates that in addition to physical and cognitive deficits, individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) may also have impairments in social cognition, such as facial affect recognition and Theory of Mind (ToM). However, there is little research into how social cognition impairments relate to other domains in MS, such as mood and fatigue levels. The current study investigated whether social cognitive ability is associated with fatigue, depressive symptoms and anxiety in MS.

Care partner problem solving training (CP-PST) for care partners of adults with traumatic brain injury during inpatient rehabilitation: Study protocol for a multisite, randomized, single-blind clinical feasibility trial.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to immediate and chronic functional impairments that affect care partners, or those providing physical and/or emotional support to individuals with TBI. The many challenges associated with being a care partner often lead to caregiver burden and can compromise the well-being and quality of life of care partners and individuals with TBI under their care. Equipping care partners with problem-solving skills could facilitate and sustain their transition into this supportive role.

Social cognition deficits and the role of amygdala in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients without cognitive impairment.

Background: Social cognition (SC) can be impaired in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients; however, most studies have not controlled for generalized cognitive impairment (CI), nor have they examined the role of the amygdala using advanced structural neuroimaging. Whether deficits in SC occur in the disease even before the concomitant manifestation of CI, with a specific interest in the role of bilateral amygdala.

Methods: In this study, we enrolled 31 RRMS patients and 38 healthy controls (HC).

Impact of frontal neurobehavioral symptoms on employment in individuals with TBI.

Objective: To explore the contribution of frontal systems behavioral dysfunction on employment outcomes in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), in the context of relevant predictors of work status.

Method: Forty-two participants with history of moderate-to-severe TBI were classified as either "Employed" or "Unemployed." Groups did not differ on most demographic or injury variables, although the Unemployed sample reported greater symptoms of depression, pain, and fatigue (s < 0.

Relationship Between Hispanic Nativity, Residential Environment, and Productive Activity Among Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: A TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine the influence of nativity and residential characteristics on productive activity among Hispanics at 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Acute rehabilitation facilities and community follow-up.

Participants: A total of 706 Hispanic individuals in the TBI Model Systems National Database.

The Feasibility of Telephone-Administered Cognitive Testing in Individuals 1 and 2 Years after Inpatient Rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in cognitive impairment, and trajectories of cognitive functioning can vary tremendously over time across survivors. Traditional approaches to measuring cognitive performance require face-to-face administration of a battery of objective neuropsychological tests, which can be time- and labor-intensive. There are numerous clinical and research contexts in which in-person testing is undesirable or unfeasible, including clinical monitoring of older adults or individuals with disability for whom travel is challenging, and epidemiological studies of geographically dispersed participants.

Test-Retest Reliability of Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome Measures: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.

Objective: Evaluate the test-retest reliability of measures that comprise the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems follow-up data set.

Participants: A total of 224 persons with a moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database.

Design: Following standard administration of the follow-up interview, a second interview was administered 14 to 28 days later using the same interviewer and the same mode of administration.

Factors associated with remission of post-traumatic brain injury fatigue in the years following traumatic brain injury (TBI): a TBI model systems module study.

Post-traumatic brain injury fatigue (PTBIF) is a major problem in the years after traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet little is known about its persistence and resolution. The objective of the study was to identify factors related to PTBIF remission and resolution. TBI Model System registrants at five centres participated in interviews at either one and two years post-injury (Y1-2 Cohort), or two and five years post-injury (Y2-5 Cohort).

An investigation of the impact of facial affect recognition impairments in moderate to severe TBI on fatigue, depression, and quality of life.

Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been shown to experience significant problems in facial affect recognition (FAR). However, it is not known how these impairments relate to overall functioning and quality of life (QoL) following TBI. The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that worse performance on an FAR task would be associated with reduced QoL (related to social and emotional functioning), worse mood, and increased fatigue.

Changes in activity participation following traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in impairments in cognitive skills as well as depression. As a result of these changes in cognition and mood, individuals with TBI may reduce their levels of participation and often report reduced health-related quality of life (HrQOL). The current study compares levels of past and present activity participation between healthy participants and persons with TBI using a client-centred approach in measurement.

Cognitive effects of modafinil in patients with multiple sclerosis: A clinical trial.

Purpose/objective: To assess the efficacy of modafinil for the treatment of new learning and memory deficits and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Only 1 previous study in the literature, to our knowledge, examined the effect of modafinil on cognition specifically in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Research Method/design: Sixteen patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and documented new learning impairment completed the study.