How to Improve Attendance for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: Ideas and Perspectives From People With Type 2 Diabetes and Health-care Professionals.

Objectives: Our aim in this study was to identify how to improve diabetic retinopathy screening from the perspectives of people with type 2 diabetes and health-care professionals and to elicit their thoughts on initiatives to increase attendance.

Methods: A total of 38 semistructured interviews were conducted with people with type 2 diabetes (n=20), general practitioners (n=10), and ophthalmic staff (n=8). The interviews examined ideas for improving screening and elicited feedback on 3 initiatives: getting a fixed appointment; same-day screening; and outsourcing screening to general practice, including the use of artificial intelligence (AI).

The effectiveness of diabetes training of psychiatric health professionals on individuals with diabetes and psychiatric disorders - a pragmatic controlled trial in Denmark.

Background: Individuals with diabetes and co-existing psychiatric disorders have more diabetes complications and lower life expectancy than those with diabetes but no co-existing psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric health professionals may have a role in improving these outcomes but often lack diabetes knowledge and skills. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a diabetes training course for psychiatric health professionals on their diabetes knowledge and skills and clinical outcomes, diabetes support and diabetes distress among individuals with diabetes and psychiatric disorders treated in psychiatric outpatient clinics.

Which self-reported measures are useful to explore diabetes support needs among adults with diabetes and severe mental illness?

Objectives: To construct and test patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for identifying diabetes support needs of adults with co-existing diabetes and severe mental illness (SMI) provided by mental health professionals at psychiatric outpatient clinics.

Methods: Design thinking was used to identify, select, and modify PROMs in collaboration with 18 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and SMI and 10 healthcare experts. The PROMs were then tested with 86 adults with diabetes and SMI recruited from eight psychiatric outpatient clinics in Denmark.

Associations between use of diabetes technology and diabetes distress: a Danish cross-sectional survey of adults with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: The study aimed to investigate independent and combined associations between insulin delivery method (insulin pump therapy (IPT) vs multiple daily injections (MDI)), glucose monitoring method (intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) and real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) vs blood glucose metre (BGM)) and diabetes distress (DD) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Design And Methods: We combined data from two Danish questionnaire-based surveys, the Steno Tech Survey (n=1591) and the Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale (T1-DDS) validation survey (n=4205), in which individuals aged ≥18 years with T1D were invited to participate. The 28-item T1-DDS was used to measure DD and DD scores were categorised as little or no distress (score <2.

A Short-Form Measure of Diabetes Distress Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes for Use in Clinical Practice: Development and Validation of the T1-DDS-7.

Objective: Valid and reliable diabetes distress assessment is essential for identifying adults with elevated levels of concern and to guide targeted support. However, assessing diabetes distress must also be feasible in time-limited settings. We aimed to identify a short-form measure of the 28-item Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale (T1-DDS-28) representing seven sources of type 1 diabetes distress that would be convenient for use in clinical practice.

How has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Diabetes Self-Management in People With Diabetes? - A One-Year Follow-Up Study.

Background And Aim: In Denmark, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in two lockdowns, one from March to May 2020 and another from December 2020 to April 2021, which had severe impact on everyday life. The aim of this study was to explore changes in diabetes self-management behaviors during the pandemic and to examine how specific population characteristics were associated with changes in diabetes management.

Methods And Participants: In a cohort study from March 2020 to April 2021, two online questionnaires were collected from a total of 760 people with diabetes.

Schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes: Perceptions and understandings of illness management in everyday life.

People with schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes face complex challenges in daily life and the management of both illnesses is burdensome. This qualitative interview study aimed to explore perceptions and understandings of the day-to-day management of schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted between January 2020 and October 2021 in the participants' respective mental health clinics, in their homes or by phone.

The role of self-efficacy, well-being capability and diabetes care assessment for emotional and diabetes management challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a follow-up study.

This study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of baseline resources and capabilities for experiencing challenges to emotional well-being and perceived access to and quality of diabetes care during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Danish type 2 diabetes population (N = 1608). We investigated how differences in self-efficacy, well-being capability, socioeconomic status, health status, and perceptions of diabetes care measured before the COVID-19 pandemic were related to experiences of well-being and diabetes management challenges during the pandemic. The study is based on a survey conducted shortly before the pandemic (autumn 2019) and a follow-up survey during the pandemic (autumn 2020), which included questions about impacts of the pandemic.

Flexible inclusion of dialogue about psychosocial aspects of life with type 1 diabetes in routine consultations: A study of a questionnaire-based dialogue tool to promote person-centred support.

Aims: To explore (1) experiences among people with type 1 diabetes and diabetologists of using a questionnaire-based dialogue tool in routine consultations to identify and address psychosocial challenges and (2) experiences of person-centredness in this group compared with a group who did not use the tool.

Methods: In all, 42 people with type 1 diabetes (mean age 54 years, mean diabetes duration 31 years and 60% women) were interviewed and completed an evaluation questionnaire following a routine consultation with the use of a dialogue tool including PAID-5, WHO-5 and open-ended questions. A comparison group of 42 people with type 1 diabetes attending routine consultations without the use of dialogue tools completed evaluation questionnaires.

Need for improved diabetes support among people with psychiatric disorders and diabetes treated in psychiatric outpatient clinics: results from a Danish cross-sectional study.

Introduction: People with psychiatric disorders have increased risk of premature death partly due to diabetes. This study aims to explore the quality of diabetes care, diabetes management, diabetes support and well-being of people with psychiatric disorders and diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 107 participants aged ≥18 years with diabetes and psychiatric disorders treated at psychiatric outpatient clinics in Denmark were recruited from August 2018 to June 2019.

Factors Associated With Nonattendance in a Nationwide Screening Program for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Register-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with nonattendance in a Danish nationwide screening program for diabetic retinopathy among people with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A retrospective observational study linking individual-level register data was performed. First, we compared characteristics of 156,878 people with type 2 diabetes divided into attenders and never-attenders on the basis of their screening history over a 6-year period.

A co-design study to develop supportive interventions to improve psychological and social adaptation among adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes in Denmark and the UK.

Objective: To develop supportive interventions for adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) to facilitate positive adaptive strategies during their transition into a life with diabetes.

Design: The study used a co-design approach informed by Design Thinking to stimulate participants' reflections on their experiences of current care and generate ideas for new supportive interventions. Visual illustrations were used to depict support needs and challenges.

What people with diabetes in Denmark worry about during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study of the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

To investigate and characterise general and diabetes-specific worries related to COVID-19 among people with diabetes in Denmark during the first 3 months of the pandemic. In a longitudinal study from March to June 2020, six online questionnaires (Q1-Q6) were distributed to 2430 adult members of two diabetes panels. Worries related to COVID-19 were measured with closed- and open-ended items.

Playing With Peers: Exploring Peer Support Mechanisms of a Type 2 Diabetes-Specific Board Game.

In this study, we explored specific mechanisms of a board game developed to facilitate peer support among people with Type 2 diabetes attending group-based diabetes education. The game was tested with 76 people with Type 2 diabetes who participated in focus groups after the game. Data from observations of audio-recorded games and focus groups were analyzed using Interpretive Description.

Testing an analogue game to promote peer support and person-centredness in education for people with diabetes: A realist evaluation.

Aim: To explore the outcomes of testing an analogue game to incorporate person-centredness and peer dialogues in group-based diabetes education targeting people with diabetes.

Design: Realist evaluation using quantitative and qualitative methods to explore context, mechanisms and outcomes of the intervention.

Methods: In March-July 2019, the game was tested among 76 people with type 2 diabetes and 17 professionals in 19 settings across nine Danish municipalities.

Psychosocial health in people with diabetes during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark.

Aims: To analyze trajectories of psychosocial health among people with diabetes during the first three months of lockdowns and reopenings of the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark.

Methods: An online longitudinal survey of 2430 people with diabetes consisting of six questionnaire waves (Q1-Q6) was conducted between March 19 and June 25, 2020. Psychosocial outcomes assessed were COVID-19 worries, quality of life, feelings of social isolation, psychological distress, diabetes distress, anxiety, and general and diabetes-specific loneliness.

"Mental Health Professionals Have Never Mentioned My Diabetes, They Don't Get Into That": A Qualitative Study of Support Needs in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Severe Mental Illness.

Objectives: People with severe mental illness (SMI) have a 2- to 3-fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (DM), an increased risk of subsequent DM complications, higher mortality and poorer health-related quality of life. Although mental health professionals have an important role in supporting people with SMI in diabetes management, their primary focus is often on mental health, not physical conditions. Few studies have investigated patients' experiences of living with coexisting SMI and DM to identify their needs for diabetes support from mental health professionals.

Changes in diabetes distress among people with type 2 diabetes during a risk screening programme for diabetic kidney disease - Longitudinal observations of the PRIORITY study.

Aims: To investigate levels and changes in diabetes distress over the course of the PRIORITY (Proteomic prediction and Renin angiotensin aldosterone system Inhibition prevention Of early diabetic nephRopathy In people with TYpe 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria) randomised controlled trial of screening for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) risk among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at a specialist diabetes clinic in Denmark.

Methods: Of 436 trial participants with T2D, 216 were invited to complete the 17-item diabetes distress scale at the time of screening (T1, n = 180), immediately after receiving the screening results at 6-8 weeks (T2, n = 169), and at 12 months follow up (T3, n = 107). Linear mixed models were used to explore changes in diabetes distress.

Higher health literacy is associated with better glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes: a cohort study among 1399 Danes.

Aim: Self-management of diabetes is influenced by a range of factors including the ability to access, understand, appraise, and use of health information in everyday life, which can collectively be called health literacy. We investigated associations between nine domains of health literacy and HbA1c level in people with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1399 people with type 1 diabetes attending a Danish specialist diabetes clinic.

The effect of peer support in adults with insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes: a pilot study of a flexible and participatory intervention.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a flexible and participatory peer support intervention in a clinical setting for adults with type 1 diabetes treated with an insulin pump, focusing on enhancing diabetes-specific social capital. The key questions were as follows: 1) what effects are appropriate to expect, according to participants? and 2) to what extent did these effects occur?

Methods: Two peer support intervention programs were conducted in a diabetes specialist clinic (N=30). A participatory and adaptable approach allowed flexibility in the content of peer support meetings, which were facilitated by a diabetes nurse.

Type 1 diabetes, quality of life, occupational status and education level - A comparative population-based study.

Aim: Type 1 diabetes requires extensive self-management to avoid complications and may have negative effects on the everyday life of people with the disease. The aim of this study was to compare adults with type 1 diabetes to the general population in terms of health-related quality of life, occupational status (level of employment, working hours and sick leave) and education level.

Methods: 2415 adults (aged 18-98years) with type 1 diabetes were compared to 48,511 adults (aged 18-103years) from the general population.

Patient perspectives on peer support for adults with type 1 diabetes: a need for diabetes-specific social capital.

Aim: To explore the function of peer support from the perspective of adults with type 1 diabetes in Denmark.

Methods: The study population consisted of 20 adults with type 1 diabetes. The sample was diverse in relation to educational background, age, sex, and cohabitation status.

Household composition and psychological health: Results of the Second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study.

Aims: 1) To explore the effect of household composition on the psychological health of adults with diabetes by comparing those living with other adult(s) including a partner with those living with neither partner nor other adult(s); 2) to examine potential mediation of social support in the association between household composition and psychological health.

Methods: The study is part of the DAWN2 study conducted in 17 countries. The population comprised 8596 people with diabetes (PWD).

Relationship between social network, social support and health behaviour in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: cross-sectional studies.

Background: Psychosocial and behavioural aspects of diabetes may differ according to diabetes type. This study compared people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with respect to social relations (cohabitation status, contact with the social network and social support) and health behaviours (diet and physical activity). Furthermore, we examined whether potential differences in health behaviour between people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were influenced by education level and social relations.