Endocrine therapy initiation among women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ from 2001 to 2018.

Purpose: Trials demonstrating benefits of tamoxifen for women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were published > 20 years ago; yet subsequent uptake of endocrine therapy was low. We estimated endocrine therapy initiation in women with DCIS between 2001 and 2018 in a community setting, reflecting more recent years of diagnosis than previous studies.

Methods: This retrospective cohort included adult females ≥ 20 years diagnosed with first primary DCIS between 2001 and 2018, followed through 2019, and enrolled in one of three U.

Overall survival and cause-specific mortality in a hospital-based cohort of retinoblastoma patients in São Paulo, Brazil.

Studies are lacking on long-term effects among retinoblastoma patients in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we examined cause-specific mortality in a retrospective cohort of retinoblastoma patients treated at Antonio Candido de Camargo Cancer Center (ACCCC), São Paulo, Brazil from 1986 to 2003 and followed up through December 31, 2018. Vital status and cause of death were ascertained from medical records and multiple national databases.

Long-term cardiovascular disease risk after anthracycline and trastuzumab treatments in US breast cancer survivors.

Background: Although breast cancer survivors are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) from treatment late effects, evidence to inform long-term and age-specific cardiovascular surveillance recommendations is lacking.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 10 211 women diagnosed with first primary unilateral breast cancer in Kaiser Permanente Washington or Colorado (aged 20 years and older, survived ≥1 year). We estimated multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for associations between initial chemotherapy regimen type (anthracycline and/or trastuzumab, other chemotherapies, no chemotherapy [referent]) and CVD risk, adjusted for patient characteristics, other treatments, and CVD risk factors.

Second primary cancer risks according to race and ethnicity among U.S. breast cancer survivors.

Breast cancer survivors have an increased risk of developing second primary cancers, yet risks by race and ethnicity have not been comprehensively described. We evaluated second primary cancer risks among 717,335 women diagnosed with first primary breast cancer (aged 20-84 years and survived ≥1-year) in the SEER registries using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs; observed/expected). SIRs were estimated by race and ethnicity compared with the racial- and ethnic-matched general population, and further stratified by clinical characteristics of the index breast cancer.

Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against cancer 1st edition: Environment, occupation, and cancer.

Within the framework of the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC) Code Against Cancer 1st edition, the current work presents recommendations to reduce exposure to environmental and occupational carcinogenic agents relevant for LAC. Using the methodology established by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in the World Code Against Cancer Framework and experience from developing the European Code Against Cancer 4th edition, a working group of LAC cancer-prevention experts reviewed the list of Group I IARC carcinogenic agents, identified prevalent environmental and occupational exposures in the region, and proposed evidence-based cancer prevention recommendations suited to the epidemiological, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions of LAC countries. Two sets of recommendations were drafted: those targeting the general public and a second set for policymakers.

Risk of second primary cancer among women in the Kaiser Permanente Breast Cancer Survivors Cohort.

Background: Breast cancer survivors are living longer due to early detection and advances in treatment and are at increased risk for second primary cancers. Comprehensive evaluation of second cancer risk among patients treated in recent decades is lacking.

Methods: We identified 16,004 females diagnosed with a first primary stage I-III breast cancer between 1990 and 2016 (followed through 2017) and survived ≥ 1 year at Kaiser Permanente (KP) Colorado, Northwest, and Washington.

Racial and ethnic disparities in treatment-related heart disease mortality among US breast cancer survivors.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in heart disease mortality by initial treatment type among breast cancer survivors have not been well described.

Methods: We included 739 557 women diagnosed with first primary invasive breast cancer between 2000 and 2017 (aged 18-84 years, received surgery, survived ≥1 year, followed through 2018) in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-18 database. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs; observed over expected) were calculated by race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic/Latina Asian American, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders [AANHPI]; non-Hispanic/Latina Black [Black]; Hispanic/Latina [Latina]; and non-Hispanic/Latina White [White]) and initial treatment (surgery only; chemotherapy with surgery; chemotherapy, radiotherapy, with surgery; and radiotherapy with surgery) compared with the racial- and ethnic-matched general population, and by clinical characteristics.

Ionising radiation and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis of radiation associated risks of cardiovascular disease in all groups exposed to radiation with individual radiation dose estimates.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Main Outcome Measures: Excess relative risk per unit dose (Gy), estimated by restricted maximum likelihood methods.

County-level geographic disparities in cardiovascular disease mortality among US breast cancer survivors, 2000-2018.

Background: Disparities in cardiovascular disease mortality among breast cancer survivors are documented, but geographic factors by county-level socioeconomic status (SES) and rurality are not well described.

Methods: We analyzed 724 518 women diagnosed with localized or regional stage breast cancer between 2000 and 2017 within Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program-18 with follow-up until 2018. We calculated relative risks (RRs) of cardiovascular disease mortality using Poisson regression, accounting for age- and race-specific rates in the general population, according to county-level quintiles of SES (measured by Yost index), median income, and rurality at breast cancer diagnosis.

Treatment-related thoracic soft tissue sarcomas in US breast cancer survivors: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare but serious side-effect of radiotherapy to treat breast cancer, and rates are increasing in the USA. We evaluated potential co-factors in two complimentary cohorts of US breast cancer survivors.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we sourced data from the Kaiser Permanente (KP) cohort and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 13 registries cohort, both in the USA.

Pooled Analysis of Meningioma Risk Following Treatment for Childhood Cancer.

Importance: Meningioma is the most common subsequent neoplasm following cranial irradiation among survivors of childhood cancer, but there are still uncertainties regarding the magnitude of the radiation dose-response association, potential modifiers of radiation risks, and the role of chemotherapy.

Objective: To evaluate meningioma risk in survivors of childhood cancer following radiotherapy and chemotherapy and identify possible modifying factors of radiation-associated risk.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This international case-control study pooled data from 4 nested case-control studies of survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed between 1942 and 2000, followed through 2016.

The influence of treatment on hormone receptor subgroups and breast cancer-specific mortality within US integrated healthcare systems.

Purpose: Estrogen receptor (ER) + /progesterone receptor (PR) - or ER-/PR + breast cancer prognosis has not been well-described outside of clinical trials. We evaluated the relationship between ER/PR (ER + /PR-, ER-/PR + , ER + /PR + , ER-/PR-) subgroups and breast cancer-specific mortality within a general community setting in the US.

Methods: A Retrospective cohort of 11,737 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1990 and 2016 within US integrated healthcare systems (median follow-up = 7 years; 1,104 breast cancer-specific deaths) were included in this analysis.

Endocrine therapy initiation among women with stage I-III invasive, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer from 2001-2016.

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study examined patterns of endocrine therapy initiation over time and by demographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics.

Methods: We included 7777 women from three U.S.

Body Mass Index and Risk of Second Cancer Among Women With Breast Cancer.

Background: Breast cancer survivors are at increased risk for developing second primary cancers compared with the general population. Little is known about whether body mass index (BMI) increases this risk. We examined the association between BMI and second cancers among women with incident invasive breast cancer.

Hyperthyroidism After Radiation Therapy for Childhood Cancer: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

Purpose: The association of hyperthyroidism with exposure to ionizing radiation is poorly understood. This study addresses the risk of hyperthyroidism in relation to incidental therapeutic radiation dose to the thyroid and pituitary glands in a large cohort of survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods And Materials: Using the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study's cohort of 5-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed at hospitals in the United States and Canada between 1970 and 1986, the occurrence of hyperthyroidism through 2009 was ascertained among 12,183 survivors who responded to serial questionnaires.

Hypothyroidism after Radiation Therapy for Childhood Cancer: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

While thyroid cancer risks from exposure to ionizing radiation early in life are well characterized quantitatively, the association of radiation with nonmalignant, functional thyroid disorders has been less studied. Here, we report on a risk analysis study of hypothyroidism with radiation dose to the thyroid gland and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis among survivors of childhood cancer. Utilizing data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a cohort of 14,364 five-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed at 26 hospitals in the U.

Thyroid Cancer Following Childhood Low-Dose Radiation Exposure: A Pooled Analysis of Nine Cohorts.

Context: The increased use of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that involve radiation raises concerns about radiation effects, particularly in children and the radiosensitive thyroid gland.

Objectives: Evaluation of relative risk (RR) trends for thyroid radiation doses <0.2 gray (Gy); evidence of a threshold dose; and possible modifiers of the dose-response, e.

Thyroid Cancer after Childhood Exposure to External Radiation: An Updated Pooled Analysis of 12 Studies.

Studies have causally linked external thyroid radiation exposure in childhood with thyroid cancer. In 1995, investigators conducted relative risk analyses of pooled data from seven epidemiologic studies. Doses were mostly <10 Gy, although childhood cancer therapies can result in thyroid doses >50 Gy.

The Risk of Cataract among Survivors of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

With therapeutic successes and improved survival after a cancer diagnosis in childhood, increasing numbers of cancer survivors are at risk of subsequent treatment-related morbidities, including cataracts. While it is well known that the lens of the eye is one of the most radiosensitive tissues in the human body, the risks associated with radiation doses less than 2 Gy are less understood, as are the long- and short-term cataract risks from exposure to ionizing radiation at a young age. In this study, we followed 13,902 five-year survivors of childhood cancer in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort an average of 21.

Thyroid cancer incidence patterns in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the U.S. SEER program, 1997-2008.

Background: Thyroid cancer incidence has risen steadily over the last few decades in most of the developed world, but information on incidence trends in developing countries is limited. Sao Paulo, Brazil, has one of the highest rates of thyroid cancer worldwide, higher than in the United States. We examined thyroid cancer incidence patterns using data from the Sao Paulo Cancer Registry (SPCR) in Brazil and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) program in the United States.

Absolute risk prediction of second primary thyroid cancer among 5-year survivors of childhood cancer.

Purpose: We developed three absolute risk models for second primary thyroid cancer to assist with long-term clinical monitoring of childhood cancer survivors.

Patients And Methods: We used data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and two nested case-control studies (Nordic CCSS; Late Effects Study Group). Model M1 included self-reported risk factors, model M2 added basic radiation and chemotherapy treatment information abstracted from medical records, and model M3 refined M2 by incorporating reconstructed radiation absorbed dose to the thyroid.

A pooled analysis of thyroid cancer incidence following radiotherapy for childhood cancer.

Childhood cancer five-year survival now exceeds 70-80%. Childhood exposure to radiation is a known thyroid carcinogen; however, data are limited for the evaluation of radiation dose-response at high doses, modifiers of the dose-response relationship and joint effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. To address these issues, we pooled two cohort and two nested case-control studies of childhood cancer survivors including 16,757 patients, with 187 developing primary thyroid cancer.