Eat to Treat: The Methods and Assessments of a Culinary Medicine Seminar for Future Physicians and Practicing Clinicians.

Nutrition-associated chronic disease is an epidemic in the United States (US), yet most medical schools lack adequate nutrition education. We developed a six-session culinary medicine (CM) seminar entitled "Eat to Treat: A Nutrition Course for Future Clinicians" that teaches culinary skills, nutrition science, and counseling techniques to improve clinical nutrition management. The seminar was offered in-person to first-year medical students in a medical school-based teaching kitchen from 2017 to 2019.

Costs and cost-driving factors of acute treatment of status epilepticus in children and adolescents: A cohort study from Germany.

Objective: To provide data on inpatient costs and cost-driving factors in children and adolescents due to non-refractory (NSE), refractory (RSE), and super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE).

Methods: All children and adolescents treated for status epilepticus (SE) between 2011 and 2018 at the Frankfurt University Hospital were analyzed for health care utilization.

Results: We evaluated 223 admissions in 174 patients (6.

Update on Nutrition, Metabolism, and Lifestyle Curricula for Medical Education, Research, and Practice: USA.

Although physicians are expected to counsel their patients about nutrition-related health conditions, surveys report minimal to no medical nutrition education improvements in the United States medical schools. From 1998 to 2005, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) introduced and funded the Nutrition Academic Award program among 21 medical schools to incorporate nutrition into their curricula. Since then, nutrition champions have developed several education models and continue to advocate for inclusion of nutrition content in the U.

Advancing Nutrition Education, Training, and Research for Medical Students, Residents, Fellows, Attending Physicians, and Other Clinicians: Building Competencies and Interdisciplinary Coordination.

Nutrition plays an important role in health promotion and disease prevention and treatment across the lifespan. Physicians and other healthcare professionals are expected to counsel patients about nutrition, but recent surveys report minimal to no improvements in medical nutrition education in US medical schools. A workshop sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute addressed this gap in knowledge by convening experts in clinical and academic health professional schools.

Clinical Considerations Regarding the Use of Obesity Pharmacotherapy in Adolescents with Obesity.

A growing number of youth suffer from obesity and in particular severe obesity for which intensive lifestyle intervention does not adequately reduce excess adiposity. A treatment gap exists wherein effective treatment options for an adolescent with severe obesity include intensive lifestyle modification or metabolic and bariatric surgery while the application of obesity pharmacotherapy remains largely underutilized. These youth often present with numerous obesity-related comorbid diseases, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, prediabetes/type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, musculoskeletal problems, and psychosocial issues such as depression, anxiety, and social stigmatization.

Shape-Up and Eat Right Families Pilot Program: Feasibility of a Weight Management Shared Medical Appointment Model in African-Americans With Obesity at an Urban Academic Medical Center.

Objectives: Disparities in obesity care exist among African-American children and adults. We sought to test the feasibility of a pilot program, a 1-year family-based intervention for African-American families with obesity [shape up and eat right (SUPER)], adopting the shared medical appointment model (SMA) at an urban safety net hospital.

Outcomes: Primary outcomes: (1) family attendance rate and (2) program satisfaction.

Nutritional status and feeding practices in gastrointestinal surgery patients at Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Background And Objectives: The nutritional status and hospital feeding practices of surgical patients in Vietnam are not well documented. Based on a cross-sectional study at Bach Mai Hospital (BMH), the prevalence of malnutrition was found to be 33% in the surgical ward using a body mass index (BMI<18.5 kg/m(2).

Addressing Pediatric Obesity in Ambulatory Care: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?

Since the "2007 summary report of child and adolescent overweight and obesity treatment" published by Barlow, many obesity intervention studies have been conducted in pediatric ambulatory care. Although several meta-analyses have been published in the interim, many studies were excluded because of the focus and criteria of these meta-analyses. Therefore, the primary goal of this article was to identify randomized case-control trials conducted in the primary care setting and to report on treatment approaches, challenges, and successes.

INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN 1 PREDICTS INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND INSULIN AREA-UNDER-THE-CURVE IN OBESE, NONDIABETIC ADOLESCENTS.

Objective: To compare fasting insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) to other fasting indices as a surrogate marker of insulin sensitivity and resistance calculated from a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT).

Methods: Fasting IGFBP-1 and oGTT were performed at 0 (n = 77), 52 (n = 54), and 100 (n = 38) weeks in a study investigating metformin treatment of obesity in adolescents. Insulin area-under-the-curve (IAUC) and the composite insulin sensitivity index (CISI) calculated from the oGTT were compared to fasting IGFBP-1, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, and corrected insulin release at the glucose peak (CIRgp).

Paediatric obesity: can medications help.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this study is to review current and emergent antiobesity drugs in paediatrics.

Recent Findings: Understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity is improving, but access to antiobesity drugs continues to be challenging, especially in paediatrics. Few antiobesity drug trials have been conducted in paediatrics and postmarketing findings remain a source of concern.

Nutrition competencies in health professionals' education and training: a new paradigm.

Most health care professionals are not adequately trained to address diet and nutrition-related issues with their patients, thus missing important opportunities to ameliorate chronic diseases and improve outcomes in acute illness. In this symposium, the speakers reviewed the status of nutrition education for health care professionals in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Nutrition education is not required for educating and training physicians in many countries.

Prevalence of malnutrition in patients admitted to a major urban tertiary care hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition using anthropometric measures among hospitalized pediatric and adult patients admitted at Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Methods: A one-day cross-sectional survey was used in selected wards (Pediatrics, Surgery, Intensive Care Unit, Renal Diseases, Gastroenterology Diseases, Respiratory Diseases, and Endocrinology). Unavailable patients and those discharged within 24 hours were excluded.

The need to advance nutrition education in the training of health care professionals and recommended research to evaluate implementation and effectiveness.

Nutrition is a recognized determinant in 3 (ie, diseases of the heart, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases) of the top 4 leading causes of death in the United States. However, many health care providers are not adequately trained to address lifestyle recommendations that include nutrition and physical activity behaviors in a manner that could mitigate disease development or progression. This contributes to a compelling need to markedly improve nutrition education for health care professionals and to establish curricular standards and requisite nutrition and physical activity competencies in the education, training, and continuing education for health care professionals.

Residency and specialties training in nutrition: a call for action.

Despite evidence that nutrition interventions reduce morbidity and mortality, malnutrition, including obesity, remains highly prevalent in hospitals and plays a major role in nearly every major chronic disease that afflicts patients. Physicians recognize that they lack the education and training in medical nutrition needed to counsel their patients and to ensure continuity of nutrition care in collaboration with other health care professionals. Nutrition education and training in specialty and subspecialty areas are inadequate, physician nutrition specialists are not recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties, and nutrition care coverage by third payers remains woefully limited.

Capacity building in nutrition science: revisiting the curricula for medical professionals.

The current nutrition education curricula for students in U.S. medical schools, and schools of other health professions, such as nursing and oral health, do not provide enough opportunity to gain knowledge of the interactions among micro- and macronutrients, their role in maintaining optimal body functions, factors that interfere with these interactions, or, importantly, how to integrate this knowledge into medical practice.

A cross-sectional study of osteocalcin and body fat measures among obese adolescents.

Unlabelled: Osteocalcin (OCN), a marker of osteoblast activity, has been implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton and thus may affect body fat measures.

Objective: To examine the relationships of OCN to body fat measures and whether they vary according to markers of energy and vitamin D metabolism.

Design And Methods: Data were obtained from 58 obese adolescents aged 13-17.

Position measurement/tracking comparison of the instrumentation in a droplet-actuated-robotic platform.

This paper reports our work on developing a surface tension actuated micro-robotic platform supported by three bubbles (liquid environment) or droplets (gaseous environment). The actuation principle relies on the force developed by surface tension below a millimeter, which benefits from scaling laws, and is used to actuate this new type of compliant robot. By separately controlling the pressure inside each bubble, three degrees of freedom can be actuated.

In vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the cervical spine during maximal axial rotation.

The cervical spine exhibits considerable mobility, especially in axial rotation. Axial rotation exerts stress on anatomical structures, such as the vertebral artery which is commonly assessed during clinical examination. The literature is rather sparse concerning the in vivo three-dimensional segmental kinematics of the cervical spine.

A novel nutrition medicine education model: the Boston University experience.

Most deaths in the United States are preventable and related to nutrition. Although physicians are expected to counsel their patients about nutrition-related health conditions, a recent survey reported minimal improvements in nutrition medicine education in US medical schools in the past decade. Starting in 2006, we have developed an educational plan using a novel student-centered model of nutrition medicine education at Boston University School of Medicine that focuses on medical student-mentored extracurricular activities to develop, evaluate, and sustain nutrition medicine education.

Practical approaches to the treatment of severe pediatric obesity.

Pediatric obesity is a major public health threat. Obese children and adolescents are at increased risk for many medical and surgical conditions. These conditions may affect their quality of life and life expectancy.

Metformin extended release treatment of adolescent obesity: a 48-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 48-week follow-up.

Background: Metformin has been proffered as a therapy for adolescent obesity, although long-term controlled studies have not been reported.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that 48 weeks of daily metformin hydrochloride extended release (XR) therapy will reduce body mass index (BMI) in obese adolescents, as compared with placebo.

Design: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Evaluation of a novel food composition database that includes glutamine and other amino acids derived from gene sequencing data.

Objectives: To determine the content of glutamine in major food proteins.

Subjects/methods: We used a validated 131-food item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to identify the foods that contributed the most to protein intake among 70,356 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1984). The content of glutamine and other amino acids in foods was calculated based on protein fractions generated from gene sequencing methods (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics) and compared with data from conventional (USDA) and modified biochemical (Khun) methods.

Relation of body fat indexes to vitamin D status and deficiency among obese adolescents.

Background: Data on the relation between vitamin D status and body fat indexes in adolescence are lacking.

Objective: The objective was to identify factors associated with vitamin D status and deficiency in obese adolescents to further evaluate the relation of body fat indexes to vitamin D status and deficiency.

Design: Data from 58 obese adolescents were obtained.