A Comparative Study of Safety Outcomes of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Loop Diuretics Among Diabetic Patients Using Real-world Data.

Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and loop diuretics can cause volume depletion. However, the long-term safety of the concurrent use of both agents has not been widely evaluated. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study to evaluate the safety of SGLT2 inhibitors with loop diuretics vs SGLT2 inhibitors alone among diabetic patients.

Complete Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Obstruction Associated with Systemic-to-Pulmonary Venous Shunts in a Young Female with Heterozygous Prothrombin G20210A Gene Mutation.

Complete superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction is not uncommon and most commonly associated with malignancy. The risk increases in patients with central lines and hypercoagulable states such as with malignancy, thrombophilia, or use of oral contraceptive pills. According to our knowledge, complete SVC and IVC obstruction associated with systemic-to-pulmonary venous shunts in patients with prothrombin G20210A gene mutation has not been reported in the literature.