Pediatric pharmacogenetics: profiling CYP2C8 polymorphisms at King Abdulaziz University Dental Clinic.

Objectives: Ibuprofen, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) for managing pain and inflammation in pediatric patients, is metabolized by the CYP2C8 enzyme. Studies suggest that the , , and variations of the gene diminish ibuprofen metabolism, increasing the risk of adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the , , and alleles and genotypes in a pediatric population attending the King Abdulaziz University dental clinic and compare our findings to those of other populations.

Icariin inhibits cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity via modulating NF-κB and PTEN/AKT/mTOR/AMPK axis.

Cisplatin (CP) is a highly effective broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent for several solid tumors. However, its clinical use is associated with ovarian toxicity. Icariin (ICA) is a bioactive flavonoid of Epimedium brevicornum with reported protective activities against inflammation, oxidative stress and ovarian failure.

Correction: Eid et al. Interference with TGFβ1-Mediated Inflammation and Fibrosis Underlies Reno-Protective Effects of the CB1 Receptor Neutral Antagonists AM6545 and AM4113 in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome. 2021, , 866.

The authors wish to make the following changes to the paper [...

Berberine alleviates chlorpyrifos-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis.

Chlorpyrifos (CPS), an organophosphorus insecticide, is widely used for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes with hazardous health effects. Berberine (BBR) is a traditional Chinese medicine and a phytochemical with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. The present study evaluated the effects of BBR against kidney damage induced by CPS and the underlying mechanisms.

Correction: Al-Qahtani et al. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of 2-Methoxyestradiol Exhibits Enhanced Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activities in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. 2022, 1369.

In the original publication [...

Lycopene attenuates chlorpyrifos-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), is an organophosphate pesticide that is widely used for agricultural purposes. However, it has well-documented hepatotoxicity. Lycopene (LCP) is a plant-derived carotenoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Effects of the CB1 receptor antagonists AM6545 and AM4113 on metabolic syndrome-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders that can predispose individuals to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The inhibition of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor has been used to treat metabolic disorders in animal models. This study reports the use of a peripherally restricted CB1 antagonist (AM6545) and a neutral CB1 antagonist (AM4113) to improve MetS-related BPH in rats.

Inhibition of the calcium-sensing receptor by extracellular phosphate ions and by intracellular phosphorylation.

As both a sensor of extracellular calcium (Ca ) concentration and a key controller of Ca homeostasis, one of the most interesting properties of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is its sensitivity to, and modulation by, ions and small ligands other than Ca. There is emerging evidence that extracellular phosphate can act as a partial, non-competitive CaR antagonist to modulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, thus permitting the CaR to integrate mineral homeostasis more broadly. Interestingly, phosphorylation of certain intracellular CaR residues can also inhibit CaR responsiveness.

Parthenolide Phytosomes Attenuated Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats via Activation of Sirt-1, Nrf2, OH-1, and NQO1 Axis.

Nephrotoxicity is a serious complication that limits the clinical use of gentamicin (GEN). Parthenolide (PTL) is a sesquiterpene lactone derived from feverfew with various therapeutic benefits. However, PTL possesses low oral bioavailability.

Cannabinoid receptor 1 positive allosteric modulator (GAT229) attenuates cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain in mice.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of chemotherapies' most often documented side effects. Patients with CIPN experience spontaneous burning, numbness, tingling, and neuropathic pain in their feet and hands. Currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment to prevent or treat CIPN.

Assessment of commitment to healthy daily habits and diets, preventive measures, and beliefs about natural products utilization during COVID-19 pandemic in certain population in Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to assess the commitment of participants in Saudi Arabia and Egypt towards healthy daily habits, preventive measures, healthy food habits, and beliefs about natural products as an immunostimulants during COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in Saudi Arabia (mainly Riyadh and Jeddah) and Egypt (mainly Cairo). The questionnaire instrument was created based on an extensive literature review on the COVID-19 pandemic, including its spreading and transmission methods, preventive measures, healthy lifestyle, and diets that increase human immunity against viral infections and the use of natural products and drinks.

Garcinone E Mitigates Oxidative Inflammatory Response and Protects against Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis via Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB and TNF-α/JNK Axis.

L. (Clusiaceae), a popular tropical fruit for its juiciness and sweetness, is an opulent fountain of prenylated and oxygenated xanthones with a vast array of bio-activities. Garcinone E (GE), a xanthone derivative reported from possesses cytotoxic and aromatase inhibitory activities.

6-Paradol Alleviates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Inhibiting AKT/mTOR Axis.

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease among elderly men. Its pharmacological treatment is still unsatisfactory. 6-Paradol (6-PD) is an active metabolite found in many members of the family.

Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of 2-Methoxyestradiol Exhibits Enhanced Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activities in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.

(1) Background: 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME) is a metabolite of estrogens and possesses promising anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activities. However, it suffers unfavorable pharmacokinetic characteristics such as absorption after oral administration. The aim of this study was to prepare an optimized 2ME self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (2ME-SNEDDS) and evaluate its cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic activities in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

The Adverse Reactions of Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose are Mild and Similar to the Second Dose Responses: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Like other vaccines, Pfizer BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 virus infections begins to decline within a few months after the 2 dose. On August 12, 2021, the FDA allowed additional Pfizer BioNTch's COVID-19 vaccine dose (3 or booster dose) for individuals with weakened immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term adverse reactions (ADRs) of the 2 and the 3 doses of the Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

Piceatannol SNEDDS Attenuates Estradiol-Induced Endometrial Hyperplasia in Rats by Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Axes.

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is the most common risk factor for endometrial malignancy in females. The pathogenesis of EH has been directly linked to uterine inflammation, which can result in abnormal cell division and decreased apoptosis. Piceatannol (PIC), a natural polyphenolic stilbene, is known to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities.

Aerosol Delivery of Surfactant Liposomes for Management of Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Approach Supporting Pulmonary Mechanics.

Excessive architectural re-modeling of tissues in pulmonary fibrosis due to proliferation of myofibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix adversely affects the elasticity of the alveoli and lung function. Progressively destructive chronic inflammatory disease, therefore, necessitates safe and effective non-invasive airway delivery that can reach deep alveoli, restore the surfactant function and reduce oxidative stress. We designed an endogenous surfactant-based liposomal delivery system of naringin to be delivered as an aerosol that supports pulmonary mechanics for the management of pulmonary fibrosis.

Genetic polymorphism of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) in a healthy Saudi population.

Objectives: Cytochrome P450 2E1 () is one of the major enzymes involved in the metabolism and detoxification of various drugs and xenobiotics. Polymorphisms in the gene exhibit high inter-individual variations associated with alterations in gene expression and enzyme function. This study aimed to determine the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of , and polymorphisms among Saudis in western Saudi Arabia.

Lung Targeted Lipopolymeric Microspheres of Dexamethasone for the Treatment of ARDS.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a catastrophic illness of multifactorial etiology, involves a rapid upsurge in inflammatory cytokines that leads to hypoxemic respiratory failure. Dexamethasone, a synthetic corticosteroid, mitigates the glucocorticoid-receptor-mediated inflammation and accelerates tissue homeostasis towards disease resolution. To minimize non-target organ side effects arising from frequent and chronic use of dexamethasone, we designed biodegradable, lung-targeted microspheres with sustained release profiles.

Calcium-Sensing Receptors Control CYP27B1-Luciferase Expression: Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Mechanisms.

25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase (encoded by ), which catalyzes the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, is subject to negative or positive modulation by extracellular Ca (Ca ) depending on the tissue. However, the Ca sensors and underlying mechanisms are unidentified. We tested whether calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) mediate Ca -dependent control of 1α-hydroxylase using HEK-293 cells stably expressing the CaSR (HEK-CaSR cells).

Interference with TGFβ1-Mediated Inflammation and Fibrosis Underlies Reno-Protective Effects of the CB1 Receptor Neutral Antagonists AM6545 and AM4113 in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome.

The role of cannabinoid receptors in nephropathy is gaining much attention. This study investigated the effects of two neutral CB1 receptor antagonists, AM6545 and AM4113, on nephropathy associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS was induced in rats by high-fructose high-salt feeding for 12 weeks.

Identification of Serine-875 as an Inhibitory Phosphorylation Site in the Calcium-Sensing Receptor.

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaS) is the principal controller of extracellular calcium (Ca ) homeostasis and is inhibited in vitro and in vivo by protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation at CaS However, PKC inhibition enhances signaling even in CaSs lacking Thr-888, suggesting that an additional inhibitory site exists. An apparently equivalent PKC regulatory site in metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (Ser-839) aligns not with CaS but instead with CaS, which was not previously considered to be a PKC site. CaS (nonphosphorylatable) exhibited significantly enhanced Ca sensitivity of both intracellular Ca mobilization and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, whereas the phosphomimetic CaS mutant exhibited a loss of function.