Exhaustion of CD39-Expressing CD8 T Cells in Crohn's Disease Is Linked to Clinical Outcome.

Background & Aims: Exhaustion of CD8 T cells has been suggested to inform different clinical outcomes in Crohn's disease, but detailed analyses are lacking. This study aimed to identify the role of exhaustion on a single-cell level and identify relevant CD8 T cell populations in Crohn's disease.

Methods: Blood and intestinal tissue from 58 patients with Crohn's disease (active disease or remission) were assessed for CD8 T cell expression of exhaustion markers and their cytokine profile by highly multiplexed flow and mass cytometry.

T-cell exhaustion and residency dynamics inform clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background & Aims: Despite recent translation of immunotherapies into clinical practice, the immunobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in particular the role and clinical relevance of exhausted and liver-resident T cells remain unclear. We therefore dissected the landscape of exhausted and resident T cell responses in the peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment of patients with HCC.

Methods: Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood, tumor and tumor-surrounding liver tissue of patients with HCC (n = 40, n = 10 treated with anti-PD-1 therapy).

[Autoimmune mediated cholestatic liver diseases].

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are rare, autoimmune mediated cholestatic liver diseases. Other auto-immune diseases are often associated with PBC and PSC, and inflammatory bowel disease is present in the majority of PSC patients. In the course of disease, chronic inflammation in the liver leads to fibrotic restructuring and ultimately cirrhosis.