Enablers and Barriers to Home Management for Children with Gastroenteritis: Systematic Review.

Objective: To identify enablers and barriers to home management for children with acute gastroenteritis perceived by health care professionals and caregivers.

Study Design: A systematic review was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health. Studies from high-income countries published from 2003 to 2023 who included children with acute gastroenteritis younger than 6 years, treated via home management, and addressed enablers or barriers from the perspective of healthcare professionals or caregivers, were eligible for inclusion.

Content and face validity of preference-based quality of life instruments in indigenous youth experiencing mental health problems: a qualitative study.

Background: Mainstream preference-based quality of life (QoL) measures have been traditionally based on Western principles of health. It is critical to examine whether existing preference-based QoL measures capture what is important to Indigenous people while being comprehensive and culturally acceptable. This study aims to assess the content and face validity of the EuroQol-5 dimensions 5-levels (EQ-5D-5 L), 12-item short form survey (SF-12), assessment of quality of life-6 dimensions (AQoL-6D), and recovering quality of life 10-item (ReQoL-10) within the context of indigenous youth mental health.

Lessons Learned From the Implementation of an Integrated Health and Social Care Child and Family Hub - a Case Study.

Introduction: Childhood adversity is associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes across the lifespan. Integration of health and social care may provide a solution to childhood adversity through practices of better detection and response. There is growing interest in the creation of child and family hubs that integrate health and social care but little literature that describes the development process.

Caring for kids: Australian general practice registrar confidence in delivering paediatric primary care.

Background And Objectives: The burden of disease for Australian children from non-acute conditions is growing; however, little is known about how well prevocational training experiences prepare trainee doctors. This study examines the confidence of general practice registrars in managing paediatric consultations in primary care and whether confidence varies by prevocational training type.

Method: This was a cross-sectional national survey of Australian general practice registrars that measured confidence in managing paediatric primary care presentations.

Comparing healthcare systems between the Netherlands and Australia in management for children with acute gastroenteritis.

Background: Acute gastroenteritis is a highly contagious disease demanding effective public health and clinical care systems for prevention and early intervention to avoid outbreaks and symptom deterioration. The Netherlands and Australia are both top-performing, high-income countries where general practitioners (GPs) act as healthcare gatekeepers. However, there is a lower annual incidence and per-case costs for childhood gastroenteritis in Australia.

Opening Pandora's box - key facilitators of practice change in detecting and responding to childhood adversity - a practitioner perspective.

Background: Childhood adversities worsen physical and mental health across the lifespan. Health and social care practitioners play a key role in identifying and responding to childhood adversity, however, may be reluctant to do so due to a perceived lack of services to refer to, time pressures and a deficit of training and confidence. We aimed to (1) quantify changes in practitioner comfort and confidence to identify and respond to childhood adversity following a multimodal intervention within an integrated child and family health and social care hub and (2) to understand barriers and facilitators of practice change.

Virtual emergency care in Victoria: Stakeholder perspectives of strengths, weaknesses, and barriers and facilitators of service scale-up.

Background: Virtual emergency services have been proposed as an alternative service model to conventional in-person emergency department attendance.

Methods: Twenty participants were interviewed: 10 emergency medicine physicians, 4 health care consumers, and 6 other health care professionals. Conventional content analysis was performed on the interview transcriptions to identify perceived strengths and weaknesses of the VED, and barriers and facilitators to scaling-up the VED.

Identifying and responding to family adversity in Australian community and primary health settings: a multi-site cross sectional study.

Background: Unaddressed family adversity has potentially modifiable, negative biopsychosocial impacts across the life course. Little is known about how Australian health and social practitioners identify and respond to family adversity in community and primary health settings.

Objective: To describe, in two Australian community health services: (1) the number of adversities experienced by caregivers, (2) practitioner identification of caregivers experiencing adversity, (3) practitioner response to caregivers experiencing adversity, and (4) caregiver uptake of referrals.

Will a fee-for-service payment for a young people's health assessment in general practice increase the detection of health risk behaviours and health conditions? Protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial (RAd Health Trial).

Introduction: Adolescence is a period of major transition in physical, cognitive, social and emotional development, and the peak time for the onset of mental health conditions, substance use disorders and sexual and reproductive health risks. Prevention and treatment during this time can improve health and well-being now and into the future. However, despite clinical guidelines recommending annual preventive health assessments for young people, health professionals cite lack of consultation time and adequate funding as key barriers.

Emotional work of getting help: a qualitative analysis of caregiver-perceived barriers to responding to childhood adversity.

Objective: To explore caregivers' experiences and challenges of accessing help for adversity across both health and social care sectors.

Design: Qualitative study design using semistructured interviews to explore how caregivers accessed services across health and social care. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

A systematic review of health state utility values and psychometric performance of generic preference-based instruments for children and adolescents with mental health problems.

Aims: This paper aims to systematically identify reported health state utility values (HSUVs) in children and adolescents with mental health problems (MHPs) aged less than 25 years; to summarise the techniques used to elicit HSUVs; and to examine the psychometric performance of the identified multi-attribute utility instruments (MAUIs) used in this space.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Peer-reviewed studies published in English, reporting HSUVs for children and adolescents with MHPs using direct or indirect valuation methods were searched in six databases.

Considerations for conducting a young person's health assessment in the general practice setting: Insights from key informants in Victoria.

Background And Objectives: There have been calls for a Medicare Benefits Schedule rebate to support a young person's health assessment in general practice. The aim of this study was to understand Victorian providers' needs and perspectives about implementing young people's health assessments in general practice.

Method: Focus groups and interviews were conducted over Zoom with current general practitioners (GPs), practice nurses (PNs) and practice managers (PMs).

A Qualitative Exploration of Parenting Adolescents in Indonesia.

Objective: To explore how parents of Indonesian adolescents conceptualize adolescence and to identify the challenges faced in parenting adolescents, focusing on parents from different sociodemographic backgrounds.

Method: Focus group discussions (FGD) were undertaken with parents of adolescents aged 10-18 years old from different sociodemographic backgrounds (urban high socioeconomic; urban low socioeconomic; rural low socioeconomic) using a semi-structured interview guide. Content and thematic analysis were assisted by Nvivo version 12.

Assessment of a primary care e-support package of automated case finding, simplified treatment algorithm and decision support to increase hepatitis B treatment uptake in primary care clinics in Australia (SIMPLY-B Study): protocol for a pilot evaluation.

Introduction: Despite the availability of effective, subsidised hepatitis B treatment, linkage to care and treatment rates remain very low globally. In Australia, specially trained primary care physicians (general practitioner, GPs) can prescribe hepatitis B treatment, however, most hepatitis B care occurs in specialist clinics. Increasing hepatitis B management by GPs in primary care clinics is essential to achieve national hepatitis B linkage to care and treatment targets by 2030.

Identifying Public Healthcare Priorities in Virtual Care for Older Adults: A Participatory Research Study.

Unlabelled: There has been increasing adoption and implementation of virtual healthcare in recent years, especially with COVID-19 impacting the world. As a result, virtual care initiatives may not undergo stringent quality control processes to ensure that they are appropriate to their context and meet sector needs. The two objectives of this study were to identify virtual care initiatives for older adults currently in use in Victoria and virtual care challenges that could be prioritised for further investigation and scale-up and to understand why certain virtual care initiatives and challenges are prioritised over others for investigation and scale-up.

An evaluation of existing text de-identification tools for use with patient progress notes from Australian general practice.

Introduction: Digitized patient progress notes from general practice represent a significant resource for clinical and public health research but cannot feasibly and ethically be used for these purposes without automated de-identification. Internationally, several open-source natural language processing tools have been developed, however, given wide variations in clinical documentation practices, these cannot be utilized without appropriate review. We evaluated the performance of four de-identification tools and assessed their suitability for customization to Australian general practice progress notes.

Changes in mental health across the COVID-19 pandemic for local and international university students in Australia: a cohort study.

Purpose: Previous research has indicated that university students experienced substantial mental health issues during the global COVID-19 pandemic, but few studies have considered changes relative to pre-pandemic levels across population groups. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare changes in mental health and associated stressors across the pandemic for international and local university students studying in Australia.

Methods: In a cohort of 4407 university students, we assessed depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 2), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2), social support (Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey), inability to afford food, fear of partner, and experiences of discrimination, both pre-pandemic (April-May 2019) and during the pandemic (September-October 2020).

The mental health of international university students from China during the COVID-19 pandemic and the protective effect of social support: A longitudinal study.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic Chinese international students were reported to experience racism, food security issues and social isolation. However, no study has investigated the prevalence of these issues and the potential for worsening mental health in this population group during the pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of this pandemic on the mental health of Chinese international students living in Australia and China, and the protective effect of social support.

Management of Chlamydia Cases in Australia (MoCCA): protocol for a non-randomised implementation and feasibility trial.

Introduction: The sexually transmitted infection chlamydia can cause significant complications, particularly among people with female reproductive organs. Optimal management includes timely and appropriate treatment, notifying and treating sexual partners, timely retesting for reinfection and detecting complications including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In Australia, mainstream primary care (general practice) is where most chlamydia infections are diagnosed, making it a key setting for optimising chlamydia management.

Exploring gaps and opportunities in primary care following an asthma hospital admission: a multisite mixed-methods study of three data sources.

Objective: Explore gaps and opportunities in primary care for children following a hospital admission for asthma.

Design: Exploratory mixed-methods, using linked hospital and primary care administration data.

Setting: Eligible children, aged 3-18 years, admitted to one of three hospitals in Victoria, Australia between 2017 and 2018 with a clinical diagnosis of asthma.

Primary health care utilization and hospital readmission in children with asthma: a multi-site linked data cohort study.

Objectives: To (1) describe primary health care utilization and (2) estimate the effect of primary care early follow-up, continuity, regularity, frequency, and long consultations on asthma hospital readmission, including secondary outcomes of emergency (ED) presentations, asthma preventer adherence, and use of rescue oral corticosteroids within 12 months.

Methods: An Australian multi-site cohort study of 767 children aged 3-18 years admitted with asthma between 2017 and 2018, followed up for at least 12 months with outcome and primary care exposure data obtained through linked administrative datasets. We estimated the effect of primary care utilization through a modified Poisson regression adjusting for child age, asthma severity, socioeconomic status and self-reported GP characteristics.