Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ɣ agonist mediated inhibition of heparanase expression reduces proteinuria.

Background: Proteinuria is associated with many glomerular diseases and a risk factor for the progression to renal failure. We previously showed that heparanase (HPSE) is essential for the development of proteinuria, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ɣ (PPARɣ) agonists can ameliorate proteinuria. Since a recent study showed that PPARɣ regulates HPSE expression in liver cancer cells, we hypothesized that PPARɣ agonists exert their reno-protective effect by inhibiting glomerular HPSE expression.

Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Potential as Novel Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Agents.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, have been identified as mediators of a newly-discovered intercellular communication system. They are essential signaling mediators in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Depending on their origin, they fulfill different functions.