Background: Depressive mood has been associated with all-cause mortality in both men and women. This study aimed at exploring gender differences in the association between depressive mood and specific causes of mortality as well as factors that may account for it, including education, marital status, social support, health behaviors, and chronic diseases.
Methods: A population-based survey including 6043 subjects (2892 men and 3151 women) was conducted in 1996 in the north-east of France with a questionnaire covering education, marital status, social support, health behaviors (smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index), and chronic diseases.
Objective: To evaluate the associations between biomechanical, physical, and psychological demands and occupational injury according to depressive symptoms severity.
Methods: Two thousand eight hundred eighty-two French working people completed a questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, job, chronic diseases, depressive symptoms, and injuries during the previous 2-year period. Data were analyzed using logistic regression.
Background: It remains unknown whether short measures of depression perform as well as long measures in predicting adverse outcomes such as mortality. The present study aims to examine the predictive value of a single-item measure of depression for mortality.
Methods: A total of 14,185 participants of the GAZEL cohort completed the 20-item Center-for-Epidemiologic-Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale in 1996.
Background: Social inequalities in mental disorders have been described, but studies that explain these inequalities are lacking, especially those using diagnostic interviews. This study investigates the contribution of various explanatory factors to the association between educational level and major depression and generalised anxiety disorder in Irish men and women.
Methods: The study population comprised a national random sample of 5771 women and 4207 men aged 18 or more in Ireland (SLÁN 2007 survey).
The short allele of the serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism is associated with increased amygdala activation in response to emotional stimuli. Although top-down processes may moderate this association, available evidence is conflicting, showing the genotype influence on amygdala reactivity to be either decreased or increased during emotion regulation. Because the effects of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on amygdala reactivity are also conditional on self-reported life stress, differences in life stress exposure may account for this apparent discrepancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis
January 2011
THE AIM OF THE REVIEW: A large number of studies suggest a close relationship between olfactory and affective information processing. Odors can modulate mood, cognition, and behavior. The aim of this article is to summarize the comparative anatomy of central olfactory pathways and centers involved in emotional analysis, in order to shed light on the relationship between the two systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelf-focus (i.e. the process by which one engages oneself in self-referential processing) is a core issue in the psychopathology of major depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A consistent brain activity pattern has been identified in major depression across many resting positron emission tomography (PET) studies. This dysfunctional pattern seems to be normalized by antidepressant treatment. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify more clearly the pattern associated with clinical improvement of depression following an antidepressant drug treatment, in emotional activation studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Metab
December 2010
Aim: Effective diabetes care requires integrating physicians' clinical expertise with patients' concerns and resources. This prospective study examined whether or not two measures of therapeutic alliance could predict glycaemic control after 1 year of follow-up in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: Consecutive type 1 diabetic outpatients were recruited, and their age, gender, level of education, marital status and age at the time of diabetes diagnosis were self-reported.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci
September 2011
The neural bases of the association between negative affectivity and self-focus remain unknown in healthy subjects. Building on the role of the cortical midline structures (CMS) in self-referential processing, we hypothesized that negative affectivity in healthy subjects would be associated with an increased activation of the CMS during self-referential processing. We presented positive and negative pictures to 45 healthy subjects during fMRI and asked them to judge whether the pictures were related to themselves or not (self condition), or whether the pictures were positive or negative (general condition).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Despite clear international guidelines, the achievement of blood pressure (BP) control is still disappointing.
Objective: To determine whether physicians' perception of hypertension, in general, is related to their patients' BP measures.
Methods And Results: DUO-HTA is a French cross-sectional survey, which included a representative sample of 346 general practitioners, 209 cardiologists and 2014 hypertensive patients.
Unlabelled: Depressive mood is associated with mortality. Because personality has been found to be associated with depression and mortality as well, we aimed to test whether depressive mood could predict mortality when adjusting for several measures of personality.
Methods: 20,625 employees of the French national gas and electricity companies gave consent to enter in the GAZEL cohort in 1989.
Background: An impaired ability to experience and express emotions, known as alexithymia, has previously been associated with hypertension. Alexithymia and related emotion-processing variables, however, have never been examined as a function of the type of hypertension, essential (EH) or secondary (SH).
Methods: Our working hypothesis was that if dysregulated emotional processes play a key neurobiological role in EH, they would be less present in hypertension due to specific medical causes or SH.
Background: Depressed patients exhibit cognitive biases, including maladaptive self-focus. In a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) activation during self-referential versus semantic processing was unique to patients, as was the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation. The aim of this pilot study was to examine whether this pattern was stable over the course of depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMajor depression is associated with a decrease of 1st person (versus 3rd person) visual perspective in autobiographical memory, even after full remission. This study aimed to examine visual perspective in healthy never-depressed subjects presenting with either genetic or psychological vulnerability for depression. Sixty healthy participants performed the Autobiographical Memory Test with an assessment of visual perspective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMajor depression is associated with an excessive self-focus, a tendency to engage oneself in self-referential processing. The medial frontal gyrus (MFG) is central to self-referential processing. This study aimed to explore the neural bases of this excessive self-focus and to disambiguate the role of the MFG in the pathophysiology of major depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContext: According to meta-analyses, depression is associated with a smaller hippocampus. Most magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies among middle aged acute depressed patients are based on manual segmentation of the hippocampus. Few studies used automated methods such as voxel-based morphometry (VBM) or automated segmentation that can overcome certain drawbacks of manual segmentation (essentially intra- and inter-rater variability and operator time consumption).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutobiographical memory (AM) specificity is impaired in depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Previous studies emphasised the role of cognitive avoidance of intrusive memories in this impairment. This study aimed to examine the association of cognitive avoidance of intrusive memories with specificity, autonoetic consciousness, and self-perspective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a frequent comorbid condition in men with coronary heart disease (CHD). Depressive mood is associated with adverse outcomes in CHD patients. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between ED and depressive mood in CHD male patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGen Hosp Psychiatry
September 2008
Objective: This naturalistic prospective study explored the predictors of laboratory test ordering in a psychiatric emergency department.
Methods: We used a standardized questionnaire to collect clinical and nonclinical features in 527 consecutive patients.
Results: Test ordering was independently predicted by age, spoken language, referral by relatives, eating disorders, and somatic complaints.
Research on autobiographical memory (AM) and the ability to retrieve specific autobiographical events in euthymic depressed patients yielded divergent results. The main goal of the present study was to further explore episodic specificity of AM among fully remitted depressed patients. Twenty euthymic depressed patients and 20 matched healthy controls were given a semi-structured interview, which assesses episodic specificity of positive and negative autobiographical memories regarding event and details' specificity, autonoetic consciousness (remember/know procedure) and visual perspective (field/observer procedure).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Autobiographical memory and personal identity (self) are linked by a reciprocal relationship. Autobiographical memory is critical for both grounding and changing the self. Individuals' current self-views, beliefs, and goals influence their recollections of the past.
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