The efficacy of micronutrient-fortified sorghum meal in improving the immune status of HIV-positive adults.

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies are common and compound the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Africa. Nutritional interventions, particularly vitamin A supplementation, may improve immune functioning and delay disease progression.

Aim: To investigate the effect of fortified sorghum meal provided for 12 months on the immune status of adults with HIV.

Validation and reproducibility of an FFQ for use among adults in Botswana.

Objective: To evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a 122-item interviewer administered quantitative FFQ developed to determine food and nutrient intakes of adults in Botswana.

Design: Relative validity of the FFQ was evaluated by comparing nutrient and food group intakes against four non-consecutive 24 h recalls administered over 12 months. The FFQ was repeated after 1 year to assess reproducibility.