Repeated measures latent class analysis of daily smoking in three smoking cessation studies.

Background: Person-centered approaches to the study of behavior change, such as repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA), can be used to identify patterns of change and link these to later behavior change outcomes.

Methods: Daily smoking status data from three smoking cessation studies (N=287, N=334, and N=403) were submitted to RMLCA to identify latent classes of smokers based on patterns of abstinence across the first 27days of a quit attempt. Three-month biochemically verified abstinence rates were compared among latent classes with particular patterns of smoking across days.

Paths to tobacco abstinence: A repeated-measures latent class analysis.

Objective: Knowledge of smoking change processes may be enhanced by identifying pathways to stable abstinence. We sought to identify latent classes of smokers based on their day-to-day smoking status in the first weeks of a cessation attempt. We examined treatment effects on class membership and compared classes on baseline individual differences and 6-month abstinence rates.

Storage temperature and duration affect Steinernema scarabaei dispersal and attraction, virulence, and infectivity to a white grub host.

The entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema scarabaei has exceptional potential for the control of many white grub species. Initial studies suggested this species to have a widely ranging foraging strategy based on its attraction to hosts in soil columns, however, with a generally low but very variable dispersal rate even in the presence of hosts. The objective of this study was to develop a better understanding of the dispersal behavior of S.

Entomopathogenic nematodes for the management of Agrotis ipsilon: effect of instar, nematode species and nematode production method.

Background: Previous laboratory studies have indicated the potential of some entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species for the control of larvae of the black cutworm (BCW). To determine the most promising EPN species and the most susceptible BCW stages, a more in-depth evaluation of seven EPN species against different BCW instars was carried out, the efficacies of in vitro- and in vivo-produced EPNs were compared and the suitability of BCW instars for EPN reproduction was examined.

Results: Heterorhabditis megidis was the most virulent species, irrespective of larval stage in small arenas, followed most often by H.

Sex ratios and sex-biased infection behaviour in the entomopathogenic nematode genus Steinernema.

In experimentally infected insects, the sex ratio of first generation nematodes of five species of Steinernema was female-biased (male proportion 0.35-0.47).