Impact of time intervals on drug efficacy and phenotypic outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a severe lung condition resulting from various causes, with life-threatening consequences that necessitate intensive care. The phenomenon can be modeled in preclinical models, notably through the use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation in mice. The phenotype induced closely recapitulates the human syndrome, including pulmonary edema, leukocyte infiltration, acute inflammation, impaired pulmonary function, and histological damage.

Women's and Partners' Experiences With a Closed-loop Insulin Delivery System to Manage Type 1 Diabetes in the Postpartum Period.

Objectives: Closed-loop insulin delivery has the potential to offer women with type 1 diabetes a break from intense diabetes self-care efforts postpartum. Our aim in this study was to explore the views and opinions of hybrid closed-loop users and their partners in the first 24 weeks postpartum.

Methods: This qualitative study was embedded in a controlled study of women with type 1 diabetes randomized to closed-loop insulin delivery (MiniMed™ 670G or 770G) or sensor-augmented pump use for 1 to 11 weeks 6 days postpartum, with all on closed-loop delivery from 12 to 24 weeks postpartum.

Pre-existing Diabetes and Stillbirth or Perinatal Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: Despite the well-recognized association between pre-existing diabetes mellitus and stillbirth or perinatal mortality, there remain knowledge gaps about the strength of association across different populations. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify the association between pre-existing diabetes and stillbirth or perinatal mortality, and secondarily, to identify risk factors predictive of stillbirth or perinatal mortality among those with pre-existing diabetes.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to April 2022.

Group A Streptococcal Infections in Pediatric Age: Updates about a Re-Emerging Pathogen.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) presents a significant global health burden due to its diverse clinical manifestations ranging from mild infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. While historically stable, the incidence of GAS infections declined during the COVID-19 pandemic but resurged following the relaxation of preventive measures. Despite general responsiveness to β-lactam antibiotics, there remains an urgent need for a GAS vaccine due to its substantial global disease burden, particularly in low-resource settings.

Autonomous Quantum Error Correction of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill States.

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code encodes a logical qubit into a bosonic system with resilience against single-photon loss, the predominant error in most bosonic systems. Here we present experimental results demonstrating quantum error correction of GKP states based on reservoir engineering of a superconducting device. Error correction is made fully autonomous through an unconditional reset of an auxiliary transmon qubit.

Cryptic genetic variation shapes the fate of gene duplicates in a protein interaction network.

Paralogous genes are often redundant for long periods of time before they diverge in function. While their functions are preserved, paralogous proteins can accumulate mutations that, through epistasis, could impact their fate in the future. By quantifying the impact of all single-amino acid substitutions on the binding of two myosin proteins to their interaction partners, we find that the future evolution of these proteins is highly contingent on their regulatory divergence and the mutations that have silently accumulated in their protein binding domains.

Use of semi-permeable bag materials to facilitate on-site treatment of biological agent-contaminated waste.

Clean up following the wide-area release of a persistent biological agent has the potential to generate significant waste. Waste containing residual levels of biological contaminants may require off-site shipment under the U.S.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors and risk of immune-mediated adverse events: a cohort study comparing extended versus standard interval administration.

The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated the implementation of extended interval immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in an effort to limit hospital visits, but few studies have examined their safety. This study aimed to compare in oncology outpatients, immune-mediated adverse events (IMAEs) in terms of total number, incidence, severity, and time to occurrence, based on exposure to standard or extended interval ICIs. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients who received at least one dose of an ICI between 2015 and 2021.

Promoting healthy eating in early pregnancy in individuals at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: does it improve glucose homeostasis? A study protocol for a randomized control trial.

Background: Healthy eating during pregnancy has favorable effects on glycemic control and is associated with a lower risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). According to Diabetes Canada, there is a need for an effective and acceptable intervention that could improve glucose homeostasis and support pregnant individuals at risk for GDM.

Aims: This unicentric randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to evaluate the effects of a nutritional intervention initiated early in pregnancy, on glucose homeostasis in 150 pregnant individuals at risk for GDM, compared to usual care.

A Randomized Trial of Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Postpartum in Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of closed-loop insulin delivery postpartum.

Research Design And Methods: In this open-label, randomized controlled trial, postpartum individuals with type 1 diabetes were randomized to hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery with the MiniMed 670G/770G system in automode or sensor-augmented pump therapy in the first 12-weeks postpartum followed by a continuation phase with closed-loop insulin delivery for all until 24 weeks postpartum.

Results: Eighteen participants (mean ± SD age 32 ± 3.

Dissection of the role of a Src homology 3 domain in the evolution of binding preference of paralogous proteins.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) drive many cellular processes. Some interactions are directed by Src homology 3 (SH3) domains that bind proline-rich motifs on other proteins. The evolution of the binding specificity of SH3 domains is not completely understood, particularly following gene duplication.

Assessment of pixel-oriented k-NN machine learning algorithm performance for the interannual remote sensing monitoring of eelgrass beds at the mouth of the Romaine.

Eelgrass cover extent is among the most reliable indicators for measuring changes in coastal ecosystems. Eelgrass has colonized the mouth of the Romaine River and has become a part of environmental monitoring there since 2013. The presence of eelgrass in this area is an essential factor for the early detection of changes in the Romaine coastal ecosystem.

Pilot-Scale Thermal Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Legacy Aqueous Film Forming Foam.

The destruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is critical to ensure effective remediation of PFAS contaminated matrices. The destruction of hazardous chemicals within incinerators and other thermal treatment processes has historically been determined by calculating the destruction efficiency (DE) or the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE). While high DEs, >99.

Breaking spore dormancy in budding yeast transforms the cytoplasm and the solubility of the proteome.

The biophysical properties of the cytoplasm are major determinants of key cellular processes and adaptation. Many yeasts produce dormant spores that can withstand extreme conditions. We show that spores of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit extraordinary biophysical properties, including a highly viscous and acidic cytosol.

Angiostatic freeze or angiogenic move? Acute cold stress prevents angiokine secretion from murine myotubes but primes primary endothelial cells for greater migratory capacity.

The skeletal muscle tissue can adapt to exercise and environmental stressors with a remarkable plasticity. Prolonged cold stress exposure has been associated to increased skeletal muscle capillarization. Angioadaptation refers to the coordinated molecular and cellular processes that influence the remodeling of skeletal muscle microvasculature.

Trimester-Specific Serum Fructosamine in Association with Abdominal Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Healthy Pregnant Individuals.

This study aimed to (1) characterize the variations in serum fructosamine across trimesters and according to pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), and (2) examine associations between fructosamine and adiposity/metabolic markers (ppBMI, first-trimester adiposity, leptin, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation measurements) during pregnancy. Serum fructosamine, albumin, fasting glucose and insulin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured at each trimester. In the first trimester, subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue thicknesses were estimated by ultrasound.

Combustion of C and C PFAS: Kinetic modeling and experiments.

A combustion model, originally developed to simulate the destruction of chemical warfare agents, was modified to include C-C fluorinated organic reactions and kinetics compiled by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A simplified plug flow reactor version of this model was used to predict the destruction efficiency (DE) and formation of products of incomplete combustion (PICs) for three C and C per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) (CF, CHF, and CF) and compare predicted values to Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)-based measurements made from a pilot-scale EPA research combustor (40-64 kW, natural gas-fired, 20% excess air). PFAS were introduced through the flame, and at post-flame locations along a time-temperature profile allowing for simulation of direct flame and non-flame injection, and examination of the sensitivity of PFAS destruction on temperature and free radical flame chemistry.

Effectiveness of a Novel ω-3 Krill Oil Agent in Patients With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Intense interest exists in novel ω-3 formulations with high bioavailability to reduce blood triglyceride (TG) levels.

Objective: To determine the phase 3 efficacy and safety of a naturally derived krill oil with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as both phospholipid esters (PLs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) (ω-3-PL/FFA [CaPre]), measured by fasting TG levels and other lipid parameters in severe hypertriglyceridemia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study pooled the results of 2 identical randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.

Developing innovative treatment technologies for PFAS-containing wastes.

The release of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into the environment is a major concern for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).

Impact of Split Dosing the First Rituximab Infusion in Patients with High Lymphocyte Count.

The most common adverse reactions to rituximab are infusion-related reactions (IRR). We evaluated the efficacy of split dosing the first rituximab infusion over two days to reduce IRR incidence in patients with hematological cancer and a high lymphocyte count. This is a retrospective observational study conducted in two healthcare centers in Quebec, Canada.

The association between gestational diabetes and stillbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims/hypothesis: Controversy exists over whether gestational diabetes increases the risk of stillbirth. The aim of this review was to examine the association between gestational diabetes and stillbirth.

Methods: We performed searches of the published literature to May 2021.

A three-organelle complex made by wrappER contacts with peroxisomes and mitochondria responds to liver lipid flux changes.

Hepatic lipid homeostasis depends on intracellular pathways that respire fatty acid in peroxisomes and mitochondria, and on systemic pathways that secrete fatty acid into the bloodstream, either free or condensed in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides. These systemic and intracellular pathways are interdependent, but it is unclear whether and how they integrate into a single cellular circuit. Here, we report that mouse liver wrappER, a distinct endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compartment with apparent fatty acid- and VLDL-secretion functions, connects peroxisomes and mitochondria.

Altitude, Exercise, and Skeletal Muscle Angio-Adaptive Responses to Hypoxia: A Complex Story.

Hypoxia, defined as a reduced oxygen availability, can be observed in many tissues in response to various physiological and pathological conditions. As a hallmark of the altitude environment, ambient hypoxia results from a drop in the oxygen pressure in the atmosphere with elevation. A hypoxic stress can also occur at the cellular level when the oxygen supply through the local microcirculation cannot match the cells' metabolic needs.