Risk-Taking Behaviors of Young Children: The Role of Children's and Parents' Socioemotional and Cognitive Control Systems.

To prevent young children's injuries, studies have considered both child (e.g., temperament, age, sex) and parent factors (e.

Advancements in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Enhancing Arteriovenous Fistula Patency.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 10% of the world's population. Hemodialysis, along with peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant, is one of the renal replacement therapies offered to patients with CKD/end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To proceed with hemodialysis, vascular access is required.

Associations Between Preschooler Screen Time Trajectories and Executive Function.

Objective: To examine associations between preschooler screen time trajectories and executive functions and effortful control at age 5.

Methods: Prospective, community-based convenience sample of 315 parents of preschoolers (54% male), studied at the ages of 3.5 (2020), 4.

The Role of Cardio-Renal Inflammation in Deciding the Fate of the Arteriovenous Fistula in Haemodialysis Therapy.

Vascular access is an indispensable component of haemodialysis therapy for end-stage kidney disease patients. The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is most common, but importantly, two-year failure rates are greater than fifty percent. AVF failure can occur due to a lack of suitable vascular remodelling, and inappropriate inflammation preventing maturation, or alternatively neointimal hyperplasia and vascular stenosis preventing long-term use.

Sex-specific DNA methylation and gene expression changes in mouse placentas after early preimplantation alcohol exposure.

During pregnancy, exposure to alcohol represents an environmental insult capable of negatively impacting embryonic development. This influence can stem from disruption of molecular profiles, ultimately leading to manifestation of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Despite the central role of the placenta in proper embryonic development and successful pregnancy, studies on the placenta in a prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder context are markedly lacking.

Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Congenital Heart Disease: Part 2, Maternal Medication, Reproductive Technologies, and Familial and Fetal Factors.

Background: The quantitative effects of congenital heart disease (CHD) risk factors are not fully understood. We conducted a meta-analysis of all CHD risk factors. This report explores maternal medication, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and familial and fetal factors.

Case report: A case of cutaneous gallstones.

Gallbladder spillage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures is common but rarely leads to patient morbidity due to complications such as abscesses or fistulas. We present the case of a 52-year-old woman post cholecystectomy, who presented to our dermatology clinic with abdominal pain and an epigastric subcutaneous nodule. The nodule was removed, leading to a complete resolution of her pain.

Early-Childhood Tablet Use and Outbursts of Anger.

Importance: Tablet use continues to increase in preschool-aged children. The use of mobile devices has been linked to child emotional dysregulation. However, few studies have been able to show a clear direction of association between child tablet use and the development of self-regulation skills.

Hospital design for inpatient psychiatry: A realistic umbrella review.

The evaluation of the effects of architecture and design in psychiatric hospitals primarily focuses on final outcomes, such as disease progression, and is made from the perspective of evidence-based medicine. Meanwhile, the evidence-informed, realist approach addresses how the intervention works. Understanding the underlying action mechanisms of the intervention is needed to facilitate its scaling-up and adaptation in new environments.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prenatal Risk Factors for Congenital Heart Disease: Part 1, Maternal Chronic Diseases and Parental Exposures.

Background: There is considerable heterogeneity in studies on prenatal risk factors for congenital heart diseases (CHDs). We performed a meta-analysis of all nongenetic factors of CHDs. This report presents results of factors related to maternal chronic diseases and parental exposures.

Enhanced detection of antigen-specific T cells by a multiplexed AIM assay.

Broadly applicable methods to identify and characterize antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells are key to immunology research, including studies of vaccine responses and immunity to infectious diseases. We developed a multiplexed activation-induced marker (AIM) assay that presents several advantages compared to single pairs of AIMs. The simultaneous measurement of four AIMs (CD69, 4-1BB, OX40, and CD40L) creates six AIM pairs that define CD4 T cell populations with partial and variable overlap.

Sex-based disparities in DNA methylation and gene expression in late-gestation mouse placentas.

Background: The placenta is vital for fetal development and its contributions to various developmental issues, such as pregnancy complications, fetal growth restriction, and maternal exposure, have been extensively studied in mice. The placenta forms mainly from fetal tissue and therefore has the same biological sex as the fetus it supports. Extensive research has delved into the placenta's involvement in pregnancy complications and future offspring development, with a notable emphasis on exploring sex-specific disparities.

Unraveling the effects of maternal breastfeeding duration and exclusive breast milk on children's cognitive abilities in early childhood.

Background: This study investigated the putative associations between mothers' use of exclusive breast milk and the duration of breastfeeding with child cognitive development.

Methods: This study is based on 2,210 Canadian families with children assessed longitudinally from age 4 to 7 years on their memory-span and math skills. These cognitive abilities were measured with standardized tasks.

The progression and mechanisms of mental illness symptoms in university student-athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A few studies have examined mental illness symptoms in university student-athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the limited use of longitudinal design limits the understanding of the progression of these symptoms and the mechanisms by which they developed. The present research aims to describe the trajectory of variation of mental illness symptoms (anxiety, depression, alcohol consumption disorders, and eating disorders) throughout the pandemic, to test causality between perceived stress and symptoms, and to identify individual characteristics (sociodemographic, perceived stress, and social support) influencing the trajectories of mental illness symptoms. On three occasions during the pandemic, 211 university student-athletes were surveyed.

Developmental Trajectory of Conduct Problems Among Boys and Girls Receiving Psychoeducational Services at Elementary Schools.

Elementary public schools remain the most common venues for addressing children's severe conduct problems. Nevertheless, very few longitudinal studies have examined association between receiving psychoeducational services for conduct problems in school and subsequent conduct problem severity. This study explored if psychoeducational service reception contributed to reduce conduct problems in a sample of 434 elementary school-aged boys and girls presenting a high level of conduct problems.

Is adolescent internet use a risk factor for the development of depression symptoms or vice-versa?

Background: The extent to which digital media use by adolescents contributes to poor mental health, or vice-versa, remains unclear. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the strength and direction of associations between adolescent internet use and the development of depression symptoms using a longitudinal modeling approach. We also examine whether associations differ for boys and girls.

Evaluation of the Effect of a Serious Game on the Performance of Daily Routines by Autistic and ADHD Children.

Objectives: Learning and performing new routines are difficult for children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies have shown that consistency in child reinforcement and parental support are effective. For example, digital solutions such as serious games can be used to support parents and children in developing these life skills.

Trajectories of medical service use among girls and boys with and without early-onset conduct problems.

Background: Children with conduct problems (CP) have been found to be heavy and costly medical service users in adulthood. However, there is little knowledge on how medical service use develops during childhood and adolescence among youth with and without childhood CP. Knowing whether differences in developmental trajectories of medical service use for specific types of problems (e.