The use of choline in association with the Bangerter filters for the treatment of amblyopia.

The study investigated the effects of choline combined with Bangerter filter in the treatment of amblyopia. All amblyopic subjects used a Bangerter filter on the corrective spectacle lens (1d over the left eye, 1d over the right eye). Choline was then administered orally to 39 patients once daily, five days per week for the entire study period.

New surgical intervention for the weakening of the inferior oblique muscle: equatorial scleral anchor.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a new surgical technique in reducing inferior oblique muscle overaction.

Methods: Anterior transposition and myectomy of the inferior oblique muscle represent the gold-standard treatment in dissociated vertical deviation, including cases in which a simultaneous inferior oblique muscle overaction is also present. A new surgical procedure that consists of suturing the muscle to the sclera at the Gobin point with tendon sparing using a micro-incision to minimize the related tissue trauma and induce a faster recovery was developed.

An adolescent treated with rapid maxillary expansion presenting with strabismus: a case report.

Introduction: Few in vivo studies have investigated the effect of maxillary expansion on strabismus; however, some in vitro studies hypothesized that changes in the palatal width obtained with rapid maxillary expansion appliances could involve other bone structures that contain blood vessels and nerves conveying to the orbital cavity. The present case report seems to support that hypothesis, even if no analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms could be drawn.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 14-year-old Caucasian girl affected by strabismus and referred for the treatment of a class III malocclusion with transverse maxillary deficiency, which was corrected by the application of a rapid maxillary expansion appliance (Haas type).

Photorefractive keratectomy and LASIK for the correction of hyperopia: 2-year follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and LASIK in the correction of hyperopia.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 100 eyes of 56 patients with a mean hyperopia of +2.85 +/- 1.

Photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis in refractive accommodative esotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of excimer laser refractive surgery as an alternative for optical correction in patients affected by fully refractive accommodative strabismus.

Setting: Eye Clinic, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.

Methods: After a simulation of the cycloplegic correction with contact lenses over a 30-day period, 18 patients (6 men, 12 women, mean age 32.

Convergence defects in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

The aim of this study is to show the presence of a correlation between ocular convergence defects (OCD) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among a group of adult subjects. The group studied was made up of 48 subjects (12 males and 36 females). The average age was 35 with a range of 19-45 years of age.