Hemifacial microsomia: a scoping review on progressive facial asymmetry due to mandibular deformity.

Purpose: This scoping review explores various parameters of the mandible in progressive facial asymmetry (FA) in hemifacial microsomia (HFM) patients, highlighting its relationship with sex, population, and age group.

Methods: The review was based on a comprehensive search of PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science. Eligible studies that met the inclusion criteria form part of the selection study.

Exploring the anatomical configurations of the cerebral arteries in a cohort of South African patients.

The cerebral arteries, specifically the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA), work together with the smaller calibre arteries to provide effective communication between the anterior and posterior circuits of the brain via the circle of Willis (CoW). Morphologic variations of the cerebral arteries and the CoW may alter blood flow to the brain, resulting in intracranial vascular disorders associated with stroke, and aneurysms. This study aimed to document the morphology of the cerebral arteries and the CoW in the South African population.

Prevalence of anatomical variations at the suboccipital (V3) segment of the vertebral artery: a systematic review.

Background And Objective: A recent meta-analysis on the incidence of iatrogenic injury to the VA has revealed that patients with variant anatomy are more prone to iatrogenic injury. Therefore, this review is designed to investigate the incidence of variations in the suboccipital component of the vertebral artery in different population groups according to the available literature.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses).

Placental Morphology and Morphometry: Is It a Prerequisite for Future Pathological Investigations?

Successful pregnancy is dependent on implantation, nutrient and gas exchange, as well as fetal protection from the immunologic attack. Placental pathologies and preterm delivery closely correlate with the size and shape of the placenta. Additionally, normal vaginal microbiota is disturbed during viral insults such as SARS-CoV-2 and HIV, with consequent placental anomalies.

Anterior Synostotic Plagiocephaly: A Quantitative Analysis of Craniofacial Features Using Computed Tomography.

The premature fusion of one coronal suture causes anterior synostotic plagiocephaly (ASP), which results in overt craniofacial dysmorphology that could be challenging to correct. This study aimed to document and compare the morphometry of the anterior cranial fossa (ACF), orbit, and ear on the ipsilateral (synostotic) and contralateral (nonsynostotic) sides in a select cohort of South African patients with ASP, using computed tomography (CT) scans. The dimensions of the ACF, orbit and the position of the ear on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides were measured using a set of anatomical landmarks on 2-dimensional CT scans of 18 consecutive patients diagnosed with nonsyndromic ASP.

Morphometric Analysis of the Cranial Fossae in Scaphocephalic Patients: An Anatomical Basis.

Scaphocephaly is the morphological consequence of premature sagittal suture fusion. Morphologic and morphometric studies on the cranial vault in scaphocephaly flourish in the literature. However, few studies are available on the cranial base in a scaphocephalic population, let alone the morphometry of its fossae.

Developmental changes of the facial skeleton from birth to 18 years within a South African cohort (A computed tomography study).

Skeletal remains are often found on a crime scene in which a forensic anthropologist is then consulted to create a biological profile, which includes the estimation of age, sex, ancestry and stature. The viscerocranium plays an important role in the formation of a biological profile. However, to utilise the viscerocranium for age estimation, population specific normative data and knowledge of the development of the viscerocranium is required.

Tessier Number 3 and 4 Clefts: Clinical Presentation and Associated Clefts in a South African Population.

Introduction: The defects found in Tessier clefts number 3 and number 4 come in various forms in different patients. These variations have to a great extent affected not only documentation of these craniofacial defects but invariably their treatment and communication amongst craniofacial researchers. This study has not only documented the clinical presentation of these clefts in a South African population but has also incorporated the clinical presentation of Tessier clefts number 3 and 4 from different regions of the world.

Anatomical Classification of Tessier Craniofacial Clefts Numbers 3 and 4.

Background: Craniofacial clefts are rare occurrences with an incidence of about 1.43 to 4.85 per 100,000 live births.

Dimensional analysis of the bicipital groove and its associated pathology in a South African population.

The bicipital groove (BG) forms an indentation between the greater and lesser humeral tubercles and lodges the long head of biceps brachii tendon (LHBBT) along with the ascending branch of the circumflex humeral artery. This study aimed to determine the dimensions (length, width, depth) of the BG in a select South African population. The dimensions of the BG in one hundred and sixty (n = 160; Right: 80; Left: 80, Male: 100; Female: 60) unpaired dry bone humerii were measured with a digital caliper (Linear Tools 2012, 0-150 mm, LIN 86500963) and was analyzed using SPSS (V25).

Scoping review of the morphology and anthropometry of Tessier craniofacial clefts numbers 3 and 4.

Background: In 2016, WHO reported a death rate of 303,000 newborns before 4 weeks of age due to congenital anomalies. Those that survive congenital anomalies may have long-term disabilities which may have significant impacts on the individual, their families, the healthcare system, and societies. Tessier craniofacial clefts numbers 3 and 4 are congenital anomalies that result in a partial or total defect of craniofacial tissues thereby seriously influencing the patient's appearance and impair normal functioning.