Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles-Mumps-Rubella in China's Mainland during 2014-2021.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) between 2014 and 2021 and identify potential strategies and measures for the prevention and control of MMR in China.

Methods: Data on MMR was obtained from China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting System for the period from 2014 to 2021. Spatiotemporal distributions were analyzed using SaTScan; temporal trends were analyzed using JoinPoint; and clusters were visualized using ArcGIS.

A P450 superfamily member NtCYP82C4 promotes nicotine biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum.

In plants, cytochrome P450s are monooxygenase that play key roles in the synthesis and degradation of intracellular substances. In tobacco, the majority of studies examining the P450 superfamily have concentrated on the CYP82E subfamily, where multiple family members function as demethylases, facilitating the synthesis of nornicotine. In this study, NtCYP82C4, a tobacco P450 superfamily member, was identified from a gene-edited tobacco mutant that nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco leaves is evidently reduced.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of NtMYC2a gene involved in resistance to bacterial wilt in tobacco.

MYC2 is a class of bHLH family transcription factors and a major regulatory factor in the JA signaling pathway, and its molecular function in tobacco has not been reported. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MYC2 gene NtMYC2a knockout mutants at tobacco was obtained and its agronomic traits, disease resistance, and chemical composition were identified. Comparing with the WT, the leaf width of the KO-NtMYC2a was narrowed, the nornicotine content and mecamylamine content increased significantly and the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum significantly decreased.

FGF21 attenuates neuroinflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage through promoting mitophagy and inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a form of cerebrovascular event characterized by a notable mortality and morbidity rate. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a versatile hormone predominantly synthesized by the hepatic tissue, has emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent. Nevertheless, the precise impacts and underlying mechanisms of FGF21 in the context of SAH remain enigmatic.

Identification of positively selected genes in from southern Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of China.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), mainly caused by (), remains a serious public health problem. Increasing evidence supports that selective evolution is an important force affecting genomic determinants of phenotypes. It is necessary to further understand the selective evolution and identify the positively selected genes that probably drive the phenotype of .

Loss function of delays flowering through impairing gibberellins metabolite synthesis in .

Flowering time, plays a crucial role in tobacco ecological adaptation besides its substantial influence on tobacco production and leaf quality. Meanwhile, it is sensitive to biotic or abiotic challenges. The plant hormones Gibberellins (GAs), controlling a number of metabolic processes, govern plants growth and development.

Overexpression of NtLHT1 affects the development of leaf morphology and abiotic tolerance in tobacco.

LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER1 (LHT1) is a crucial broad-specificity and high-affinity amino acid transporter affecting the uptake of nitrogen and probably the tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. However, little is known about the phenotypic functions of LHT1 in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we identified the NtLHT1 gene from the tobacco variety Honghuadajinyuan (HD) and determined its important roles in leaf morphological development and plant resistance to abiotic stress.

[The emerging roles of the RNA binding protein quaking in regulating differentiation and function of monocytes-macrophages].

Macrophages are a class of innate immune cells with strong plasticity. They can polarize into different phenotypes, serving with various functions, such as phagocytosis and chemotaxis, which is involved in the development of diseases. RNA-binding protein quaking (QKI) regulates monocyte differentiation, macrophage polarization and various cellular functions through RNA splicing, translocation and expression.

High-throughput creation of Nicotiana tabacum gene-targeted mutants based on CRISPR/Cas9.

4382 available sgRNAs targeting 1060 tobacco genes were obtained, and 10,682 targeted mutants were created using high-throughput methods. Four optimization experiments were established to solve problems encountered during genetic transformation.

Effects of editing DFR genes on flowers, leaves, and roots of tobacco.

Background: DFR is a crucial structural gene in plant flavonoid and polyphenol metabolism, and DFR knockout (DFR-KO) plants may have increased biomass accumulation. It is uncertain whether DFR-KO has comparable effects in tobacco and what the molecular mechanism is. We employed the CRISPR/Cas9 method to generate a knockout homozygous construct and collected samples from various developmental phases for transcriptome and metabolome detection and analysis.

Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Gene with Tuberculosis and Infection of Beijing Genotype .

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between vitamin D receptor () gene polymorphism and tuberculosis susceptibility, as well as the potential interaction of host genetic factors with the heterogeneity of in the population from Xinjiang, China.

Methods: From January 2019 to January 2020, we enrolled 221 tuberculosis patients as the case group and 363 staff with no clinical symptoms as the control group from four designated tuberculosis hospitals in southern Xinjiang, China. The polymorphisms of Fok I, Taq I, Apa I, Bsm I, rs3847987 and rs739837 in the were detected by sequencing.

Genetic Characterization Conferred Co-Resistance to Isoniazid and Ethionamide in Isolates from Southern Xinjiang, China.

Background: Ethionamide (ETH), a structural analogue of isoniazid (INH), is used for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Due to the common target InhA, INH and ETH showed cross-resistance in . This study aimed to explore the INH and ETH resistant profiles and genetic mutations conferring independent INH- or ETH-resistance and INH-ETH cross-resistance in circulating in south of Xinjiang, China.

Autotoxins in continuous tobacco cropping soils and their management.

Tobacco belongs to the family Solanaceae, which easily forms continuous cropping obstacles. Continuous cropping exacerbates the accumulation of autotoxins in tobacco rhizospheric soil, affects the normal metabolism and growth of plants, changes soil microecology, and severely reduces the yield and quality of tobacco. In this study, the types and composition of tobacco autotoxins under continuous cropping systems are summarized, and a model is proposed, suggesting that autotoxins can cause toxicity to tobacco plants at the cell level, plant-growth level, and physiological process level, negatively affecting soil microbial life activities, population number, and community structure and disrupting soil microecology.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Notifiable Respiratory Infectious Diseases in Mainland China from 2010 to 2018.

Respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) pose threats to people's health, some of which are serious public health problems. The aim of our study was to explore epidemic situations regarding notifiable RIDs and the epidemiological characteristics of the six most common RIDs in mainland China. We first collected the surveillance data of all 12 statutory notifiable RIDs for 31 provinces in mainland China that reported between 2010 and 2018, and then the six most prevalent RIDs were selected to analyze their temporal, seasonal, spatiotemporal and population distribution characteristics.

Highly efficient transgene-free genome editing in tobacco using an optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system, pOREU3TR.

CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology has revolutionized plant science and holds enormous promise for crop improvement. The exploration of this system received much attention regarding plant genome editing. Here, by editing the NtPDS gene in tobacco, we first verified that incorporating an OsU3-tRNA promoter combination into the CRISPR/Cas9 system contributed to the highest editing efficiency, as the sgRNA expression level was greater than that resulting from the AtU6-tRNA and AtU6 promoters.

Spatiotemporal variation evaluation of water quality in middle and lower Han River, China.

As the water source for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the Han River in China plays a role of the world's largest inter-basin water transfer project. However, this human-interfered area has suffered from over-standard pollution emission and water blooms in recent years, which necessitates urgent awareness at both national and provincial scales. To perform a comprehensive analysis of the water quality condition of this study area, we apply both the water quality index (WQI) and minimal WQI (WQI) methods to investigate the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of water quality.

QKI deficiency in macrophages protects mice against JEV infection by regulating cell migration and antiviral response.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a major reason to cause viral encephalitis, with 50% patients suffering from severe neuro-inflammation and permanent neural injury. Effective anti-viral treatment is urgently needed. Here, we found RNA binding protein quaking (QKI) was involved in the progression of JE by regulating migration and anti-viral response of macrophages.

Multi-objective optimization of water resources allocation in Han River basin (China) integrating efficiency, equity and sustainability.

The hydrological cycle, affected by climate change and rapid urbanization in recent decades, has been altered to some extent and further poses great challenges to three key factors of water resources allocation (i.e., efficiency, equity and sustainability).

Adaptive optimal allocation of water resources response to future water availability and water demand in the Han River basin, China.

Global warming and anthropogenic changes can result in the heterogeneity of water availability in the spatiotemporal scale, which will further affect the allocation of water resources. A lot of researches have been devoted to examining the responses of water availability to global warming while neglected future anthropogenic changes. What's more, only a few studies have investigated the response of optimal allocation of water resources to the projected climate and anthropogenic changes.

Loss of QKI in macrophage aggravates inflammatory bowel disease through amplified ROS signaling and microbiota disproportion.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a refractory chronic inflammatory illness of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Macrophage exerts an important role in IBD development. QKI, as an RNA binding protein, was related with inflammatory responses in bacterial infections by regulating the polarization of macrophages.