Effect of Atogepant for Preventive Migraine Treatment on Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Randomized, Double-blind, Phase 3 ADVANCE Trial.

Background And Objectives: The oral calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist atogepant is indicated for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine. We evaluated changes in patient-reported outcomes with atogepant in adults with migraine.

Methods: In this phase 3, 12-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial (ADVANCE), adults with 4-14 migraine days per month received atogepant (10, 30, or 60 mg) once daily or placebo.

A Prospective, Open-Label Study of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Filler With Lidocaine (VYC-15L) Treatment for the Correction of Infraorbital Skin Depressions.

Background: Infraorbital skin depressions are one of the most troublesome facial areas for aesthetically aware patients.

Objective: Evaluate effectiveness and safety of Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine (VYC-15L; Allergan plc, Dublin, Ireland) for correction of bilateral infraorbital depressions.

Methods: In this 12-month, prospective, uncontrolled, open-label study, subjects aged ≥18 years with infraorbital depressions rated ≥1 on the Allergan Infra-oRbital Scale (AIRS) received injections of VYC-15L with optional touch-up treatment on Day 14.

Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Infraorbital Hollows.

Background: A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of infraorbital hollows (i.e., tear troughs) before and after treatment in practice and clinical studies.

Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Static Horizontal Forehead Lines.

Background: A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of static forehead lines before and after treatment in practice and clinical studies.

Objective: To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Forehead Lines Scale.

Methods: The Allergan Forehead Lines Scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each scale grade.

Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Transverse Neck Lines.

Background: A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of horizontal neck lines before and after treatment in practice and clinical studies.

Objective: To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Transverse Neck Lines Scale.

Methods: The Allergan Transverse Neck Lines Scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each scale grade.

Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Facial Fine Lines.

Background: A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of facial fine lines before and after treatment in practice and clinical studies.

Objective: To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Fine Lines Scale.

Methods: The Allergan Fine Lines Scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each scale grade.

Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Facial Skin Texture.

Background: A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of facial skin roughness before and after aesthetic treatment in practice and in clinical studies.

Objective: To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Skin Roughness Scale.

Methods: The scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each grade.

Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Assessment of Chin Retrusion.

Background: A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of chin appearance before and after chin augmentation in practice and clinical studies.

Objective: To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Chin Retrusion Scale.

Methods: The Allergan Chin Retrusion Scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each scale grade.

Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Volume Deficit of the Temple.

Background: A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of temple appearance before and after aesthetic treatment in practice and clinical studies.

Objective: To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Temple Hollowing Scale.

Methods: The scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each grade.

Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Volume Deficit of the Hand.

Background: A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of hand appearance before and after treatment in practice and clinical studies.

Objective: To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Hand Volume Deficit Scale.

Methods: The scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real-subject images for each grade.

Region and sex differences in constituent dopamine neurons and immunoreactivity for intracellular estrogen and androgen receptors in mesocortical projections in rats.

Many cortical and prefrontal functions show sex differences in their development, adult capacity, and dysfunction in disorders like schizophrenia. Correlations between circulating gonadal hormones and certain prefrontal functions have also been identified in humans and experimental animal models. Although multiple mechanisms may be involved, such hormone sensitivities/sex differences could be related to gonadal steroid actions on another regulator of cortical/prefrontal cortical function, the mesocortical dopamine system.

Aromatase immunoreactivity in the bluehead wrasse brain, Thalassoma bifasciatum: immunolocalization and co-regionalization with arginine vasotocin and tyrosine hydroxylase.

Sex steroid hormones regulate various neural functions that control vertebrate sociosexual behavior. A number of sex steroids can be synthesized de novo in the brain, including estrogens by the enzyme aromatase. Aromatase, the neuropeptides arginine vasotocin/vasopressin, and the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine have all been implicated in the control of male sexual and aggressive behavior in a variety of vertebrates.

Mesostriatal and mesolimbic projections of midbrain neurons immunoreactive for estrogen receptor beta or androgen receptors in rats.

The dopamine (DA) inputs to the caudate putamen, the nucleus accumbens, and the amygdala in rats are sensitive to circulating estrogens and androgens. One mechanism for the hormone modulation of these systems may be via actions at cognate intracellular estrogen and androgen receptors. However, although it is known that specific subsets of midbrain DA neurons are immunopositive for estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) or androgen receptors (ARs), it is not known where these receptor-bearing cells project.

Estrogen receptor-beta immunoreactivity in the midbrain of adult rats: regional, subregional, and cellular localization in the A10, A9, and A8 dopamine cell groups.

Estrogen modulates dopamine synthesis, release, and metabolism in corticolimbic and striatal targets of midbrain dopamine neurons. The relevant sites of receptor-mediated action, however, had been elusive, because all available evidence suggested a paucity of intracellular estrogen receptors in the A8, A9, and A10 dopamine regions and their afferent targets. More recent evidence of a relative abundance of the beta isoform of the estrogen receptor (ER) in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (VTA), however, suggests that this newly described receptor may be important in estrogen's stimulation of midbrain DA systems.