Time after time: failure to identify and support females with ADHD - a Swedish population register study.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with risk taking and negative health-related outcomes across the lifespan. Due to delay in referral and diagnostics, young females with ADHD may not be identified, nor appropriately supported by adequate interventions.

Methods: A total of 85,330 individuals with ADHD, all of whom were residents in Stockholm County between January 01, 2011, and December 31, 2021, were included as participants in this population-based, cross-sectional cohort study.

Ladislau Steiner, 1920-2013.

The authors commemorate the life and career of Dr. Ladislau Steiner, one of the world's most highly regarded neurosurgeons, from Stockholm and Charlottesville, Virginia, who has died at age 92. They review the events of Dr.

Stereotactic radiosurgery: current status and future trends.

The first Gamma Knife was installed in Stockholm in 1968 after nearly two decades of development. Following the opening of the Gamma Knife facility in Pittsburgh in 1987, radiosurgery has seen an explosive expansion. Along with this expansion there has been a development of alternative technologies, of which the most common is the linear accelerator.

Image-guided stereotactic surgery: a 10-year evolutionary experience.

The recent revolution in medical imaging has demanded concurrent development of sophisticated and compatible stereotactic guiding devices in order to diagnose or treat mass lesions on the brain and disorders of cerebral physiology. Between July 1, 1979, and July 1, 1989, 1,006 patients underwent image-guided stereotactic surgery at the University of Pittsburgh. During this 10-year interval the first dedicated computed tomography stereotactic operating room and the first North American radiosurgical suite containing a 201 60Co source gamma knife were constructed.

Stereotactic neurosurgery planning on a personal-computer-based work station.

Stereotactic surgery requires knowledge of cerebral structures derived from more than one image source. We have developed a PC-AT-based workstation that accepts patient images, made with the stereotactic frame in place, from CT, MRI, and DSA modalities. Reference markers on the frame are identified in the images to establish the coordinate geometry for each modality.

Stereotactic radiosurgery. Present status and future trends.

Stereotactic radiosurgery was introduced by Lars Leksell in 1951, as a means of treating a variety of intracranial pathologies without opening the skull. Since 1968 the radiosurgical procedures have been performed in the Leksell Gamma Unit. The number of conditions amenable to this treatment modality has constantly increased and today about 1500 patients have been treated in Stockholm.

A new fixation device for the Leksell stereotaxic system. Technical note.

A device is presented that permits several applications for the Leksell stereotaxic system. The patient is fixed in this new system by means of a rectangular instrument that connects to the standard Leksell stereotaxic coordinate frame and maintains spatial orientation after the frame itself is removed. Specific uses for this device include stereotaxic radiosurgery and stereotaxic guidance during microsurgery.

Visualisation of stereotactic radiolesions by nuclear magnetic resonance.

The ability to visualise stereotactic brain lesions produced by irradiation from the stereotactic Gamma Unit at the Karolinska Hospital was investigated. A patient who had undergone bilateral stereotactic gamma capsulotomy in two stages was examined by the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technique, which demonstrated that the stereotactic lesions in the internal capsule could be visualised in the immediate postoperative period. This gives stereotactic radiosurgery a reliable anatomical basis and facilitates the planning and follow-up studies in this type of cerebral surgery.

Stereotaxis and nuclear magnetic resonance.

The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging to a stereotactic method is described. The physical properties of NMR offer some important advantages such as good contrast between grey and white matter and the possibility to scan the brain in three planes and at any desired angle. Stereotactic localisation by NMR gives very satisfactory and precise visualisation of the target structures based on transaxial, coronal and sagittal scans.

Stereotactic gamma irradiation of basilar artery in cat. Preliminary experiences.

Irradiation of the basilar artery of cats by stereotactic technique was performed with doses varying from 100 to 300 Gy in a gamma unit. Histologically, vascular lesions such as vacuolization, degeneration and desquamation of the endothelium and hyalinization and necrosis of the muscular coat predominated, whereas reparatory reactions were relatively sparse. Thrombosis was completely absent.