Association Between Environmental Air Pollution and Thyroid Cancer and Nodules: A Systematic Review.

The global incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over the past several decades. While this increase is partially due to increased detection, environmental pollutants have also emerged as a possible contributing factor. Our goal was to perform a systematic review to assess the relationship between environmental air pollution and thyroid cancer.

CRISPR-dCas13d-based deep screening of proximal and distal splicing-regulatory elements.

Pre-mRNA splicing, a key process in gene expression, can be therapeutically modulated using various drug modalities, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). However, determining promising targets is hampered by the challenge of systematically mapping splicing-regulatory elements (SREs) in their native sequence context. Here, we use the catalytically inactive CRISPR-RfxCas13d RNA-targeting system (dCas13d/gRNA) as a programmable platform to bind SREs and modulate splicing by competing against endogenous splicing factors.

Is a Simple Checklist Associated With Improvement in Gender Representation at the AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting?

Objective: In September 2017, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) added 2 questions querying panel organizers if gender/racial diversity was considered in selecting panel presenters, beginning with the 2018 Annual Meeting (AM). This study examines how this checklist impacted the gender diversity of panel presenters at the AAO-HNS AM.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional investigation comparing female representation before and after the addition of questions inquiring about diversity in 2018.

Deep screening of proximal and distal splicing-regulatory elements in a native sequence context.

Pre-mRNA splicing, a key process in gene expression, can be therapeutically modulated using various drug modalities, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). However, determining promising targets is impeded by the challenge of systematically mapping splicing-regulatory elements (SREs) in their native sequence context. Here, we use the catalytically dead CRISPR-Cas13d RNA-targeting system (dCas13d/gRNA) as a programmable platform to bind SREs and modulate splicing by competing against endogenous splicing factors.

Do Racial and Ethnic Disparities Exist in Management of Pediatric Mandible Fractures? A 30-Year Outcome Analysis.

Background: Mandibular fractures are the most common of pediatric facial fractures. The effect of race on management/outcomes in these injuries has not been previously studied. Given the significant association between race and healthcare outcomes in many other pediatric conditions, an in-depth study of race as related to mandibular fractures in the pediatric patient population is warranted.

Olfactory Dysfunction and Balance Dysfunction are Associated with Increased Falls in Older Adults.

Objective: This study aims to characterize the association between impairments in olfaction and balance, both of which are mediated in part by the cerebellum, and how this relates to prospective incidence of falls in a cohort of aging adults.

Methods: The Health ABC study was queried to identify 296 participants with data on both olfaction (measured using the 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test) and balance-related function (measured using the Romberg test). The relationship between olfaction and balance was investigated using multivariable logistic regression.

Outcomes after revision of Advanced Bionics Clarion 1.2 cochlear implants.

Introduction: Cochlear implant reimplantation (CIR) for external processor upgrade or device failure is becoming increasingly common as the population of cochlear implant recipients ages. Patients with Advanced Bionics (AB) Clarion 1.2 cochlear implants may undergo CIR for device age/failure or desired technology upgrade so that they may use newer external processors that have improved connectivity features.

Factors related to wellness and burnout in academic otolaryngology: A pre- and Post-COVID-19 analysis.

Objectives: Describe demographic and professional factors predictive of burnout in academic otolaryngology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: In 2018 and 2020, cross-sectional surveys on physician wellness and burnout were distributed to faculty members of a single academic institution's otolaryngology department. Faculty were dichotomized into low and high burnout groups for 2018 ( = 8 high burnout, 19%) and 2020 ( = 11 high burnout, 37%).

Virtual audiometric testing using smartphone mobile applications to detect hearing loss.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic drove the need for remote audiometric testing in the form of mobile applications for hearing assessment. This study sought to determine the accuracy of two smartphone-based hearing assessment applications, Mimi and uHear, against the gold standard of in-clinic audiometric testing.

Methods: One hundred patients that presented to clinic for hearing assessment were randomly assigned to take either the Mimi or uHear hearing test alongside standard audiometric testing.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa Reddit Support Group: Finding New Meaning in Social Media During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) can significantly impact quality of life. Reddit allows users with common interests, like HS, to form a community and share information. This has become increasingly important with pandemic-related social isolation.

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia After Cardiac Surgery-A Statewide Review of Health Care Utilization.

Background: Despite its severe consequences, clinical and economic impacts of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) after cardiac operations have not been well characterized. This study assessed statewide incidence, outcomes, and resource consumption associated with HIT after cardiac operations.

Methods: This was a retrospective investigation of cardiac surgery patients using the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission's database from 2012 to 2020.

Vestibular therapy to reduce falls in people with Alzheimer's disease: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Falls are highly common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD); around two-thirds of AD patients fall annually. Fall events are major drivers of injury, early institutionalization, and shorter survival. Balance and mobility impairment are among the most important fall risk factors in AD patients.

Blood utilization and clinical outcomes in pancreatic surgery before and after implementation of patient blood management.

Background: Over the past decade, patient blood management (PBM) programs have been developed to reduce allogeneic blood utilization. This is particularly important in pancreatic surgery, which has historically been associated with high transfusion requirements and morbid event rates. This study investigated blood utilization and clinical outcomes in pancreatic surgery before, during, and after the implementation of PBM.

Poor Cost Awareness Among Anesthesia Providers for Medications, Supplies, and Blood Products.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine if anesthesia providers can accurately estimate the cost of commonly used medications, supplies, and blood products.

Methods: This study was conducted between April and June 2019 at an academic tertiary care hospital. Anesthesia providers (certified registered nurse anesthetists [CRNAs], residents, and fellows/attendings) were surveyed on their knowledge of the cost of commonly used therapies.

Blood Utilization and Clinical Outcomes in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients.

Background: Patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support are critically ill and have substantial transfusion requirements, which convey both risks and benefits. A retrospective analysis was conducted to assess the association between blood component administration and adverse outcomes in adult, pediatric, and neonatal ECMO patients.

Methods: We evaluated 217 ECMO patients at a single center hospitalized between January 2009 and June 2016.